ABSTRACT We established a reverse genetics system for the nonstructural (NS) gene segment of influenza A virus. This is based on use temperature-sensitive ( ts ) reassortant virus 25A-1. The 25A-1 contains NS from A/Leningrad/134/57 and remaining segments A/Puerto Rico (PR)/8/34 particular constellation was found to be responsible phenotype. For gene, plasmid-derived A/PR/8/34 ribonucleoprotein transfected into cells that were previously infected with Two subsequent passages transfection...

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the predominant cause of common cold. In addition, HRVs implicated in worsening COPD and asthma, as well loss lung transplants. Despite significant efforts, no anti-viral agent is approved for prevention or treatment HRV-infection. this study we demonstrate that Iota-Carrageenan, a sulphated polysaccharide derived from red seaweed, potent anti-rhinoviral substance in-vitro. Iota-Carrageenan reduces HRV growth inhibits virus induced cythopathic effect infected...

The 2009 flu pandemic and the appearance of oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 influenza strains highlight need for treatment alternatives. One such option is creation a protective physical barrier in nasal cavity. In vitro tests demonstrated that iota-carrageenan potent inhibitor A virus infection, most importantly also H1N1/2009 vitro. Consequently, we tested commercially available spray containing an mouse infection model. Treatment mice infected with lethal dose PR8/34 starting up to 48 hours...

Clinical trials applying iota-carrageenan nasal spray have previously shown to reduce duration of virus-confirmed common cold. The present study pooled data two similar clinical provide further evidence for the antiviral effectiveness carrageenan. Individual patient were analyzed from randomized double blind placebo controlled assessing therapeutic carrageenan in acute Patients with cold (n = 254, verum 126, 128) included and following parameters appraised: disease, number patients relapses,...

In the absence of a vaccine and other effective prophylactic or therapeutic countermeasures severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains significant public health threat. Attachment entry coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 is mainly mediated by spike glycoprotein. Here, we show that iota-carrageenan can inhibit cell pseudotyped lentivirus in dose dependent manner. particles were efficiently neutralized with an IC50 value 2.6 μg/ml iota-carrageenan. Experiments...

Objective To investigate whether variations of the conserved gp41 amino-acid sequence ELDKWA affect its binding or neutralization by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2F5. Design and methods Neutralization assays were performed with primary isolates from different HIV-1 subtypes sequences corresponding to 2F5 epitope region analysed. Studies MAb peptide reactivity spot analysis, using peptides immobilized on cellulose. The frequency emergence neutralization-resistant virus variants was determined...

The common cold, the most prevalent contagious viral disease in humans still lacks a safe and effective antiviral treatment. Iota-Carrageenan is broadly active against respiratory viruses in-vitro has an excellent safety profile. This study investigated efficacy of nasal spray patients with cold symptoms. In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory trial, 35 human subjects suffering from early symptoms received (0.12%) saline solution three times daily for 4 days, compared to...

Abstract Background The common cold is the most widespread viral infection in humans. Iota-carrageenan has previously shown antiviral effectiveness against viruses clinical trials. This study investigated efficacy of a carrageenan-containing nasal spray on duration and fluid load adult patients. Methods In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 211 patients suffering from early symptoms were treated for seven days. Application was performed three times daily with either...

Previously, we constructed a chimeric influenza virus that expresses the highly conserved amino acid sequence ELDKWA of gp41 human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1). Antisera elicited in mice by infection with this showed neutralizing activity against distantly related HIV-1 isolates (T. Muster, R. Guinea, A. Trkola, M. Purtscher, Klima, F. Steindl, P. Palese, and H. Katinger, J. Virol. 68:4031-4034, 1994). In present study, demonstrated intranasal immunizations are also able to induce humoral...

The baculovirus expression system was utilized to serve as a tool for ligand selection, demonstrating the applicability of generation and screening eukaryotic libraries. HIV-1-gp41 epitope 'ELDKWA', specific neutralizing human mAb 2F5, inserted into antigenic site B influenza virus hemagglutinin expressed on surface infected insect cells. In order improve antigenicity within hemagglutinin, therefore enhance binding we three additional, random amino acids adjacent epitope. This pool genes...

ABSTRACT Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the predominant cause of common cold. The frequency HRV infections in industrial countries and lack effective therapeutical treatment underline importance research for new antiviral substances. As viral often accompanied by generation oxidative stress inside infected cells, several redox-active substances were tested as potential antivirals. In course these studies it was discovered that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is an extremely potent compound...

Background Carrageenan is a clinically proven and marketed compound for the treatment of viral upper respiratory tract infections. As infections caused by influenza virus are often accompanied with other viruses combination specific anti-influenza broadly active antiviral polymer has huge potential Thus, drug Zanamivir together carrageenan in formulation suitable intranasal application was evaluated in-vitro in-vivo. Principal Findings We show that act synergistically against several A...

Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. Less are other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. The current publication describes non-clinical safety toxicity native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. Intranasally a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need systemic bioavailability drug's action. Animal experiments...

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world and remains a major public health threat. Vaccine inefficiency, vaccination breakthroughs lack of supply, especially in developing countries, as well fact that non-negligible part population either refuse or cannot be vaccinated due age, pre-existing illness non-response existing vaccines intensify this issue. This might also contribute emergence new variants, being more efficiently transmitted, virulent capable escaping naturally...

Abstract NS1 protein of influenza virus is a virulence factor that counteracts Type I interferon (IFN)‐mediated antiviral response by the host. A recombinant lacks only replicates efficiently in systems contain defective IFN pathways. We demonstrate conditional replication properties NS1‐modified mutants can be exploited for virus‐mediated oncolysis IFN‐resistant tumor cells. resistance analyzed cell lines correlated with reduced expression STAT1. Addition exogenous IFNα or supernatant...

Neutralization capsid epitopes are important determinants for antibody-mediated immune protection against papillomavirus (PV) infection and induced disease. Chimeric L1 major proteins of the human PV type 16 (HPV-16) bovine 1 (BPV-1) with a foreign peptide incorporated into several surface loops self-assembled pentamers or virus-like particles (VLP). Binding patterns neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) immunization mice confirmed (i) that regions around aa 282–286 351–355 contribute to...

Abstract We previously described the expression of melanoma-associated endogenous retrovirus (MERV) proteins and viral particles in human melanomas metastases. The objective present study was to determine whether a humoral immune response MERV occurs melanoma. Candidate B-cell epitopes on were predicted using bioinformatic screening. reactivity peptides corresponding with antibodies prevalent sera melanoma patients analyzed. An immunodominant peptide located env protein identified....

Previously, a mucosal model of immunization against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was established by using influenza as vector for the neutralizing gp41 epitope ELDKWA. Whether replication this chimeric in upper respiratory tract mice is sufficient inducing immune responses genital investigated. An strategy that permits to replicate murine tracts but not lungs. Intranasal application induced HIV-1-specific antibodies sera and tract. In addition, virus-specific...

Abstract Background Type I hypersensitivity is characterized by the overreaction of immune system against otherwise innocuous substances. It manifests as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma or atopic dermatitis if mast cells are activated in respective organs. In case systemic cell activation, life-threatening anaphylaxis may occur. Currently, type hypersensitivities treated either with glucocorticoids, anti-histamines, stabilizers. Although these drugs exert a strong anti-allergic...


 Background: Clinical trials applying iota-carrageenan nasal spray have previously shown to reduce duration of virus-confirmed common cold. The present study pooled data two similar clinical provide further evidence for the antiviral effectiveness carrageenan.
 Methods: Individual patient were analyzed from randomized double blind placebo controlled assessing therapeutic carrageenan in acute Patients with cold (n = 254, verum 126, 128) included and following parameters appraised:...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Current standard medications for the treatment of allergic inflammation consist primarily glucocorticoids and anti-histamines, but adverse side effects or insufficient responsiveness by patient subpopulations illustrate need safe novel alternatives. Thus, there is a demand to develop porcine model that able mimic mast cell-mediated type I hypersensitivity. Previously, we found escin, pharmacologically active mix triterpene saponins from horse...

Abstract In the absence of a vaccine and other effective prophylactic or therapeutic countermeasures severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains significant public health threat. Attachment entry coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by spike glycoprotein (SGP). Recently, Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus (SSPL) was developed that allows studying spike-mediated cell via luciferase reporter activity in BSL2 environment. Here, we show iota-carrageenan can...

Even with its endemic transition, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health threat, particularly in light of emerging variants concern (VoCs) and need for preparedness future. In November 2021, SARS-CoV-2 VoC Omicron emerged subvariants BA.1, BA.2 BA.5 became predominant. Although protease inhibitor Paxlovid® polymerase inhibitors Molnupiravir Remdesivir were approved as specific antiviral treatment options patients early stages after infection, effective prophylactically acting...