A5060904603- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
2017-2024
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
2017-2019
Obesity, and the associated metabolic syndrome, is a risk factor for increased disease severity with variety of infectious agents, including influenza virus. Yet, mechanisms are only partially understood. As number people, particularly children, living obesity continues to rise, it critical understand role host status on pathogenesis. In these studies, we use diet-induced obese ferret model tools demonstrate that, like humans, resulted in notable changes lung microenvironment, leading...
Astroviruses (AstV) are a leading cause of diarrhea, especially in the very young, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Despite their significant impact on public health, no drug therapies for astrovirus have been identified. In this study, we fill gap knowledge demonstrate that FDA-approved broad-spectrum anti-infective nitazoxanide (NTZ) blocks replication vitro with 50% effective concentration (EC50) approximately 1.47 μM. It can be administered up to 8 h postinfection is against...
Human astrovirus is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Astrovirus infection causes gastrointestinal symptoms and can lead to encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Positive-strand viruses typically utilize host intracellular membranes form replication organelles, which are potential antiviral targets. Many of these organelles double-membrane vesicles (DMVs). Here, we show that leads an increase DMV formation through replication-dependent mechanism requires some early...
Since the 1970s, eight closely related serotypes of classical human astroviruses (HAstV) have been associated with gastrointestinal illness worldwide. In late 2000s, three genetically unique astrovirus clades, VA1-VA3, VA2-VA4, and MLB, were described. While exact disease these clades remains to be defined, VA1 has central nervous system infections. The discovery that could grown in cell culture, supports exciting new studies aimed at understanding viral pathogenesis. Given association often...
Human astroviruses (HAstV), positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses, are one of the leading causes diarrhea worldwide. Despite their high prevalence, cellular mechanisms astrovirus pathogenesis remain ill-defined. Previous studies showed HAstV increased epithelial barrier permeability by causing a re-localization tight junction protein, occludin. In these studies, we demonstrate that replication induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), upregulating transcription EMT-related genes...
Astroviruses cause a spectrum of diseases spanning asymptomatic infections to severe diarrhea, but little is understood about their pathogenesis. We previously determined that small intestinal goblet cells were the main cell type infected by murine astrovirus-1. Here, we focused on host immune response infection and inadvertently discovered role for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1), tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, in cellular tropism human astroviruses. identified Ido1 expression was...
Abstract Human astrovirus is a positive sense, single stranded RNA virus. Astrovirus infection causes gastrointestinal symptoms and can lead to encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Positive strand viruses typically utilize host intracellular membranes form replication organelles, which are potential antiviral targets. Many of these organelles double membrane vesicles (DMVs). Here we show that leads an increase DMV formation, this process replication-dependent. Our data suggest induces...
Obesity, and the associated metabolic syndrome, is a risk factor for increased disease severity with variety of infectious agents, including influenza virus. Yet mechanisms are only partially understood. As number people, particularly children, living obesity continues to rise, it critical understand role host status on pathogenesis. In these studies, we use novel diet-induced obese ferret model new tools demonstrate that like humans, resulted in significant changes lung microenvironment...
Novel human astrovirus (HAstV) strains have been recently shown to cause fatal encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. We report two cases from our institution. A 2-year old female undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a 9-year male with refractory myeloid leukemia. Both were found HAstV-VA1 the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by metagenomics next generation sequencing (m-NGS) after initial evaluation did not reveal any etiology. Patient 1 remains alive, remission, showing...
Abstract Astroviruses (AstV) are a leading cause of diarrhea especially in the very young, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Despite their significant impact on public health, no drug therapies for astrovirus have been identified. In this study we fill gap knowledge demonstrate that FDA-approved broad-spectrum anti-infective nitazoxanide (NTZ) blocks replication vitro with 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) approximately 1.47μM. It can be administered up to 8 hours post-infection...
Abstract Persons with obesity are at higher risk for developing severe complications upon influenza virus infection making vaccination a priority. Yet, studies demonstrate vaccine responses less effective in obese hosts. In these studies, we examined how the timing of weight loss influenced efficacy male and female diet- induced mice. Here, show post-vaccination is insufficient to rescue poor efficacy; however, occurring pre-vaccination successfully improves outcomes viral challenge....
Human astroviruses (HAstV), positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses, are one of the leading causes diarrhea worldwide. Despite their high prevalence, cellular mechanisms astrovirus pathogenesis remain ill-defined. Previous studies showed HAstV increased epithelial barrier permeability by causing a relocalization tight junction protein, occludin. In these studies, we demonstrate that infection induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), upregulation transcription EMT-related genes...
Abstract Background Human astroviruses (HAstV) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, particularly those under the age 2 or with immunosuppressive conditions. Indeed, our studies suggest that children hematological malignancies at high risk infection. However, it has become increasingly clear HAstV infections can also be associated respiratory and even central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In last decade, there have been least 12 cases astrovirus-induced CNS disease...