Sport has been an integral part of the Chinese government's policy agenda since People's Republic China was founded in 1949. The prominence sport further elevated last two to three decades, as indicated by steady increase elite success, hosting sports events such Olympic Games, China's increased global engagement with organisations and developments professionalisation commercialisation. This article reviews at different periods its inception, analyses rationale for, form extent of,...

Research question: Much research has been carried out to analyse factors contributing China's notable success at the Olympic Games over past decade. However, which examines deliberate medal strategy remains relatively uncharted territory. Thus this paper seeks address gap and how China become one of most successful superpowers Summer within last two decades by virtue application competitive advantage framework.Research methods: Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with key...

In the literature on Olympic legacies and impacts, there is a dearth of materials that specifically address issue impact for non-hosting regions. The tends to deal with impacts at national level, or hosting-city region neglecting in large part degree which benefits can be leveraged by A further limitation identified failure engage detailed formal evaluation policy implementation where assertions potential are based untested assumptions. This study intended both these concerns. It presents an...

Highlights• Whilst famed for its top-down bureaucratic system, there is considerable interorganisational conflict within the Chinese sport system.• The extent and characteristics of national-provincial vary between sports.• Interorganisational provides a useful heuristic better understanding elite system.

The aim of this article is to explore Olympic-led sport policy changes (as part Olympic legacy) for China triggered by the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Games. Although there has been a burgeoning research interest in analysing Olympic-triggered legacies, with focus on various areas such as economic, sociocultural, environmental issues, little known about that hosting Games stimulates host nation's policy. Drawing from document analysis, paper reveals two collectively helped expand...

Evaluation, a product of the movement for evidence-based policy, is key step in policy cycles. However, many studies existing sport literature have failed to address underpinning methodologies rigorous manner and provide justification use certain measures handpicked by evaluators. As yet, no study has explicitly reflected on value evaluation or systematically discussed how mainstream theories been used studies. Such articulation necessary order researchers with additional resources making...

Interest in how local communities can positively benefit from the hosting of large-scale events has grown exponentially. Where most research focused on host city, nonhost regions have potential to greatly, yet little examined these achieve benefits. This study leverage process a area for London 2012 Olympics consider opportunities and challenges such task. Theoretically informed by event model, this case used document analysis semistructured interviews with 10 key stakeholders involved...

Most shape memory polymers apply glass transition or crystallization of domains to fix temporary shapes and recovery is induced by heating, which hinders their application under heat-intolerant conditions. Moreover, the permanent normally cannot be altered arbitrarily after fabrication. Herein, we present a novel hydrogel with remodelable programmable cold-induced behavior. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) prepared in presence diethylenetriamine (DETA) subsequently treated calcium acetate (Ca(Ac)

This longitudinal intervention study tracks sport participation changes among volunteers of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, following their exposure to event inspiration and a post-event leveraging intervention. Specifically, investigates whether increases previously inactive if Transtheoretical Model-based intervention, incorporating visuals sustain inspiration, enhances this effect. The included 408 university student volunteers, with 244 retained after attrition, who were either in...

We measured the change in enthalpy with grain size of a dense nanograined yttria-stabilized zirconia by oxide melt solution calorimetry and derived boundary enthalpy, 0.73 ± 0.19 J m−2. Surface enthalpies nanopowders are 2.21 0.14 m−2 (anhydrous surface) 1.60 0.09 (hydrous surface). The is about factor two smaller than anhydrous surface, suggesting that densification which maintains nanosized grains indeed thermodynamically driven. This first direct calorimetric measurement ceramic.

Olympic impact/legacy analysis as a research area has become frequently discussed topic in the sociology of sport literature general and event management particular since 2000s. Although increased volume, many studies still face methodological challenges (e.g. failure to adopt rigorous theoretical frameworks or overlooking additionality). The aim this article is unpack logic stakeholders critical evaluation two London 2012 legacy programmes, critically reviewing outcomes sought, actions...

Despite China's competitive sports success, particularly at the Olympic Games, little is known about structures of coaching systems and coach development in China. To foster a comparative understanding from different contexts to inform enrich investigative agendas area, this paper focuses on China introduces its with an analysis built upon government policy relevant Chinese literature. The delineates two (elite school), traces changes versions skill grading system coaches, outlines...

During the Olympiad, an Olympic host country is required to organise and deliver education programme schools nationwide. Schools’ experiences of engagement with such programmes are often reported on by government rather than being rigorously examined academics. Moreover, there little scientific understanding how individual facilitate why different engage same in ways varying degrees, generate levels impact. Looking at London 2012 called Get Set, this original qualitative research was...

Highlights1. Acting as a lever to the lever, building sport participation through hosting Olympics leverages industry development and promotes broad agenda of social economic development.2. A state-led leveraging exerts significant influence on resource mobilisation, goal alignment, cross-sector coordination.3. The process is both propelled confined by contextual features (political cultural).4. Leveraging becomes an indicator for measuring success Games overly politicised task oriented....

Recent developments regarding event portfolios have renewed research interest in the management and leveraging of sporting events. This study contributes to topic by examining purpose process their strategic planning an Asian context – Shanghai. Guided theories, this paper explores how Shanghai's portfolio was developed why. Empirically, draws on extensive data, specifically, policy strategy documents interviews with key sport policymakers experts The results suggest that benefited from more...

Previous low human milk feeding rates in Chinese neonatal intensive care units of preterm infants were reported. There are no nationwide data on these.To investigate the current status for and provide baseline future research.A secondary analysis was conducted from a previously established clinical database including 25 units. All born <34 weeks gestation admitted to participating May 2015 April 2018 enrolled. Variables analyzed infant collected practices at surveyed.A total 24,113 included....

This paper investigates the elite sport legacies of hosting Summer Olympics for China (Beijing 2008) and Australia (Sydney 2000). The classic organizational life cycle approach provides conceptual framework this retroductive study. data both cases are sourced from official publications, academic research, documents various government departments organizations. Additional drawn three semi-structured interviews with key Chinese stakeholders. analysis clear evidence that governments their...

The change in enthalpy with grain size of dense nanograined yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was measured by oxide melt solution calorimetry cubic 10 YSZ and 15 ceramic samples prepared spark plasma sintering nanopowders. derived grain‐boundary enthalpies are 0.68 J/m 2 for 0.64 15YSZ, an estimated uncertainty about + 0.13 , arising mostly from the roughly 20% interface area calculated particle distribution. These values similar to a previous value 0.73 ± 0.19 8 YSZ, suggesting possible weak...

Abstract This article seeks to evaluate whether there are differences between Samuel Huntington's 'civilisational groups' of countries in terms women's leadership Olympic organisations. draws on two questionnaire surveys which the electoral practices and outcomes bodies (i.e. National Committees International Federations) relating gender equity governance, with a specific intention compare role women such Islamic societies non-Islamic contexts. The vehicle for analysing data employs...

This paper examines the influence of major events on urban development and change across two city contexts (i.e., Guangzhou Birmingham).Considering cities as new international actors, a theoretical modal was proposed, qualitative evidence gathered to examine cities' decision bid for hosting 2010 Asian Games 2022 Commonwealth respectively, development-related pressures faced, ways in which occurred result event production.In response intercity competition globalisation, both fought...

The concept of depoliticisation has become increasingly popular in Western governance studies. However, empirical analysis processes non-democratic political regimes is less prevalent. This article addresses this gap through an examination China's recent efforts to depoliticise the sport sector, using football as a trial. Documentary and semi-structured interviews were adopted for data collection. Specifically, we delineated principles adopted, activities occurred, tools used at three levels...

This study explores 'inspiration' in the context of Olympic Games, focusing on Beijing 2008 and London 2012 Olympics years after event hosting. Utilizing a retroductive strategy, identifies key sources inspiration, constructs causal model based existing literature, validates it through qualitative quantitative data. Although contextual differences exist between two cities, similar findings emerged: inspirational feelings have indeed persisted hosting largely attributed to 'elite role model'...