A5021416392- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
- Flow Measurement and Analysis
- Livestock and Poultry Management
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Tulane University
2015-2024
Central Michigan University
2022
Johns Hopkins University
1991-2016
Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
2016
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
1989-2015
Prisma
1999-2013
University of Concepción
2008
SwissLitho (Switzerland)
2008
United States Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH
1999
University Hospital and Clinics
1998
New diagnostic tools are urgently needed to interrupt the transmission of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Rapid, sensitive detection in sputum has been demonstrated proof-of-principle studies microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay, which broth cultures examined microscopically detect characteristic growth.In an operational setting Peru, we investigated performance MODS assay for culture testing three target groups: unselected patients with suspected...
Objective: Lactobacillus GG (L-GG), an acid- and bile-resistant strain that colonizes the intestinal mucosa, has been used to manage diarrhea in children. Our objective was evaluate prophylactic use of L-GG prevent children at high risk from a developing country randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Study design: Two hundred four undernourished 6 24 months old indigent peri-urban Peruvian town received either or placebo flavored gelatin once daily, days week, for 15 months. Episodes were...
The correlations between malnutrition, parasitosis (especially helminth infections), and child development are complex, studies of these interrelationships will allow health agencies to maximize screening intervention strategies for developing countries. We examined in a cross-sectional program Carazo State, Nicaragua. Nine hundred sixty-one children two age strata (ages 0-24 months ages 2-10 years) from one urban three rural communities were screened intestinal parasites (direct smear ZnSO4...
The impact of extended use ART in developing countries has been enormous. A thorough understanding all factors contributing to the success antiretroviral therapy is required. current study aims investigate value cross-sectional drug resistance monitoring using DNA and RNA oligonucleotide ligation assays (OLA) treatment cohorts low-resource settings. was conducted first cohort children gaining access structured Peru. Between 2002–5, 46 eligible started standard regimen AZT, 3TC NFV Patients...
Background Although diarrheal illnesses are recognized as both a cause and effect of undernutrition, evidence for the specific enteropathogens on early childhood growth remains limited. We estimated effects undernutrition risk factor campylobacteriosis, well associations between symptomatic asymptomatic Campylobacter infections growth. Methodology/Principal Findings Using data from prospective cohort 442 children aged 0–72 months, nutritional status incidence infection was using uni-...
Pneumonia is one of the major causes child mortality, yet with a timely diagnosis, it usually curable antibiotic therapy. In many developing regions, diagnosing pneumonia remains challenge, due to shortages medical resources. Lung ultrasound has proved be useful tool detect lung consolidation as evidence pneumonia. However, diagnosis by limitations: operator-dependent, and needs carried out interpreted trained personnel. Pattern recognition image analysis potential enable automatic without...
Confirming the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is a major challenge. However, research on as it relates to better diagnostics often neglected because technical difficulties, such slow growth in culture, difficulty obtaining specimens, and diverse relatively nonspecific clinical presentation this age group. Researchers use individually designed criteria for enrollment, diagnostic classifications, reference standards, thereby hindering interpretation comparability their findings. The...
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health problem in Peru, causing an estimated 35,000 new cases each year, 6.7% of whom are co-infected with HIV. Social support mechanisms key influencing health-seeking behavior, adherence, and overall patient wellbeing clinical settings. We examine the types social received by TB patients parents pediatric peri-urban Lima, to understand its role patients' psychosocial during treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between August...
Worldwide, rural communities face barriers when accessing health services. In response, numerous initiatives have focused on fostering technological innovations, new management approaches and policies. Research suggests that the most successful innovations are those involving stakeholders at all levels. However, there is little evidence exploring opinions of local providers could contribute with further innovation development research. The aims this study were to explore perspectives medical...
Abstract Background The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had severe impacts on morbidity and mortality globally. Methods This study was set in rural central Kentucky included participants recruited from public spaces. Fifteen qualitative interviews about personal experiences during the COVID-19 were conducted by phone July 3 to 24, 2020. Interviews recorded, transcribed, coded using a grounded theory approach. Results Participants who perceived be risk tended have health concerns...
Shigellosis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. To find immunological correlates specific protection against shigellosis, we examined chronological samples sera, stool extracts, duodenal aspirates, saliva from 39 adults 22 children with shigellosis Peru for the presence antibody to invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa) common all virulent Shigella strains, by using both whole-organism enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Western blot (immunoblot) assay....
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) often exhibits localized adherence or diffuse to HEp-2 cells. We recently provided evidence that cell-adherent enteroadherent E. (EAEC) not belonging EPEC serogroups was the cause of diarrhea among U.S. travelers Mexico. In present study, we looked for EAEC and in stool specimens from 154 children with acute 137 well seen at several outpatient clinics Guadalajara, showing (EAEC-L) isolated 13.0% patients 0.7% controls (P less than 0.0001). (EAEC-D)...
Shigellae have been shown to be highly susceptible new quinolone agents, with average MICs for 90% of isolates less than 0.1 microgram/ml. Because these agents also reach high concentrations in the stool after a single dose, effectiveness 800-mg dose norfloxacin and 5-day treatment trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) were compared randomized trial. Patients clinical dysentery received one regimens, data follow-up culture results analyzed patients whose on presentation grew shigellae....
Delays in receiving adequate care for children suffering from pneumonia can be life threatening and have been described associated with parents' limited education their difficulties recognizing the severity of illness. The "three delays" was a model originally proposed to describe most common determinants maternal mortality, but has adapted delays health seeking process caregivers under five. This study aims explore caregivers' perceived barriers services five years old admitted referral...
Objective. We evaluated the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of Peruvian children presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) to determine whether features predictive confirmed PTB could be identified. Study Design. This was a cross-sectional study 135 (mean age: 6.8 years) Hospital del Niño in Lima, Peru, presumptive diagnosis PTB. Clinical, epidemiologic, laboratory findings were compared between 3 groups pediatric patients PTB: those positive Mycobacterium (MTB) cultures,...
A novel heminested IS6110 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated as a tool for diagnosing tuberculosis in 222 children. In an analysis of 392 specimens (gastric aspirates, nasopharyngeal and sputum samples), results PCR were compared with those 3 culture methods, acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining, clinical assessment by the Stegen-Toledo score. The sensitivity (67%) comparable to that 3-culture method (71%) significantly higher than Löwenstein-Jensen (54%) or AFB stain (42%)...
The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis presents challenges in children, because symptoms are nonspecific, sputa not accessible, and Mycobacterium cultures smears often negative. Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility technique is a simple, inexpensive method for isolation with superior speed sensitivity over Lowenstein-Jensen culture studies adults tuberculosis. objective this study was to determine whether can improve the recovery among Peruvian children suggestive tuberculosis.Two...
Mentoring is beneficial to mentors, mentees, and their institutions, especially in low- middle-income countries (LMICs), that are faced with complex disease burdens, skills shortages, resource constraints. global health research can be enhanced by defining key competencies, enable the skill set required for effective mentoring, determine training needs local facilitate institutional capacity building support mentors. The latter includes advocating resources, development of mentoring...
Objectives Public health research on child is increasingly focusing the long-term impacts of infectious diseases, malnutrition and social deprivation development. The objectives this exploratory study were to (1) implement Ages Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) in children aged 3 months 5 years a low-income Peruvian population (2) correlate outcomes ASQ with risk factors such as nutritional status, diarrhoea incidence wealth index. Setting Primary data collection was carried out Pampas de San Juan...
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge worldwide, and particularly in Peru with one of the highest incidence rates Latin America. TB patient behavior has direct influence on whether will receive timely diagnosis successful treatment their illness.The objective was to understand complex factors that can impact seeking behavior.In-depth interviews were conducted adult parents pediatric patients receiving (n = 43), within group sub-group also co-infected HIV 11).Almost...
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrhea among children in developing countries. Since free-ranging chickens are source infections, we hypothesized that corralling these would result decreased rates infections and Campylobacter-related diarrhea. We tested this hypothesis Peruvian families periruban shantytown with randomized by household using (corralling) intervention versus control study design. Samples from participants were cultured for at the start surveillance, samples less...
Pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis is difficult because young children are unable to expectorate sputum samples. Testing stool for DNA from swallowed may diagnose tuberculosis. Hospitalized with suspected had stool, nasopharyngeal, and gastric aspirates cultured that confirmed in 16/236 patients. Twenty-eight stored stools these 16 were used evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) compared 28 samples 23 healthy control children. Two extraction techniques used: fast-DNA mechanical...