A5007119945- Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Animal and Plant Science Education
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Insect Pheromone Research and Control
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Botanical Research and Applications
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Insect and Pesticide Research
University of Manchester
2005-2024
Versus Arthritis
2016-2024
Malaria Consortium
2024
Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2021
University of Liverpool
2021
Museum of Old and New Art
2021
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
2018-2020
National Health Service
2018-2019
National Institute for Health Research
2018-2019
Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz
2017
A new index of selection, α, is presented. It measures the degree to which a predator more likely take one kind prey rather than another, and thus provides direct estimation behavior. unaffected by sampling in finite population, this being advantage over other methods estimating selectivity. If selection independent frequency types, α constant. Under frequency-dependent predation changes with frequency. Measures frequency-independent components may be obtained when both kinds act together....
Colour variation in the peppered moth Biston betularia was long accepted to be under strong natural selection. Melanics were believed fitter than pale morphs because of lower predation at daytime resting sites on dark, sooty bark. became common during industrial revolution, but since 1970 there has been a rapid reversal, assumed have caused by predators selecting against melanics today's less Recently, these classical explanations melanism attacked, and general scepticism about birds as...
The history of the study snails in genus Cepaea is briefly outlined. nemoralis and C. hortensis are polymorphic for genetically controlled shell colour banding, which has been main interest work covered. Random drift, selective predation climatic selection, both at a macro– micro–scale, all affect gene frequency. usual approach to understanding maintenance polymorphism, look centripetal effects on Possible processes include balance mutation pressure heterozygote advantage, relational...
Abstract. 1. From published data on the rate of build‐up insecticide resistance in wild populations Anopheles culicifacies and An.stephensi , calculations have been made coefficients selection which would be required to produce these rates evolution. It is assumed turn that resistances might effectively dominant, recessive or intermediate. 2. The results case DDT An.culicifacies indicated fitness resistant individuals was 1.28–1.51 × susceptibles. 3. Published also examined with reference...
Several methods have been developed for estimating population size from multiple markrelease-recapture data, which vary to suit the animal and environment under study (for example: Fisher & Ford 1947; Jackson 1939; Leslie, Chitty 1953 earlier; MacLeod 1958; Jolly 1965). In some cases a method is available whereby confidence limits may be found certain of parameters estimated (Leslie 1951; Bailey 1952; etc.). The usefulness such variances naturally depends on validity assumptions upon they...
Patients with chronic pain commonly believe their is related to the weather. Scientific evidence support beliefs inconclusive, in part due difficulties getting a large dataset of patients frequently recording symptoms during variety weather conditions. Smartphones allow opportunity collect data overcome these difficulties. Our study
Wearables provide opportunities for frequent health data collection and symptom monitoring. The feasibility of using consumer cellular smartwatches to information both on symptoms contemporary sensor has not yet been investigated.This study aimed investigate the acceptability capture multiple patient-reported outcomes per day alongside continuous physical activity over a 3-month period in people living with knee osteoarthritis (OA).For KOALAP (Knee OsteoArthritis: Linking Activity Pain)...
A survey has been made of the land snail fauna Porto Santo, Madeiran archipelago. Santo is an isolated island about 12 km long by 5 wide. The exceptionally species-rich and characterisied radiations species in several families, especially Helicidae. Sixty-five samples from mainland five offshore islets yielded 56 species, 84% them endemic, with a mean 11.5 per site, marked regional differentiation faunal composition. given site produces on average only approximately one fifth number...
New data show the geographical pattern of frequency melanic morph carbonaria peppered moth, Biston betularia, in 1983-84. These frequencies are compared with from 1952 to 1970. After 20 years smoke control, area high has contracted northeast. The change indicates a disadvantage about 12 percent ago. Computer simulations, which do not include assumption heterozygote advantage, provide good match surface for period 1970, and also 1983-84 surface. Experiments on visual predation have been...
The rapid rise in frequency of melanic morphs several moth species, especially the peppered Biston betularia, industrial regions during 19th century, and subsequent decline, indicate action strong selection. There has recently been a tendency to criticise question all aspects research on melanism, including experiments which suggest that selective predation plays an important part changes. These are reexamined, together with evidence for changes appearance tree surfaces relation initial rate...
A survey has been carried out in Leeds, England, the west Yorkshire industrial heartland, and neighboring York, surrounded by agriculture, of melanic frequency moth species Biston betularia, Odontoptera bidentata, Apamea crenata. All show a decline melanics postindustrial environment, first over almost full range from nearly 100% to less that 10%, others smaller extents. Changes several as great magnitude wide an area must result selection. The results are compared with along transect...
When different species of moths are presented with a choice between black and white resting backgrounds, there is strong correlation the colour selected reflectance forewings. Under more natural conditions, light‐coloured usually rest on fresh vegetation whilst dark‐winged select tree bark or upon ground, defensive strategies appear to have been adopted by in these two latter situations. Studies mechanism background selection, selection polymorphic species, reviewed.
Lacerta dugesii, the small lizard of Madeiran archipelago, exhibits a variety dorsal colors ranging from green to shades brown or black, with without lateral stripes. The preponderant in population vary according locality. Dorsal could theoretically have cryptic thermal function. Our experiments on rate warming and cooling differently colored lizards under field conditions suggest that color is unimportant for heat balance this species. Lizard size probably has effect, but most important...
importance of studies on polymorphism is now well recognised; the ,estigations any particular example gains in interest when it can be using several related species showing different modifications it.Considerable work has been done shell colour and banding snail genus Cepaea, but a similar banding, hints one colour, are also found many other helicid snails.Few these have as yet investigated genetically, some being difficult to breed taking long time (2, 3 or 4 years Cepaea) come maturity.We...
Many animal species have been observed in which populations living near the edge of range differ from those more centrally placed. Sometimes different peripheral resemble each other closely than they do central ones. Such a distribution must be due either to rapid change localities, or vice versa. In discussion particular instances alternative has its adherents. It is suggested here that two examples European fauna (bank voles genus Clethrionomys and snail Cepaea nemoralis) distinct are less...
Cepaea nemoralis at a site on Fyfield Down, Wiltshire, England, have been surveyed, using mark, release, recapture, for 23 years. The population has morph frequencies that do not appear to match the background. At start of survey there was heavy predation by birds, but this soon ceased and vegetation in area became more uniform, probably because destruction rabbits myxomatosis. Over study period fluctuated size remained almost unchanged. Variation recruitment, rather than survival, is...