A5009983557- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
King's College London
2015-2024
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
2016-2024
St.John's Medical College Hospital
2023-2024
St. John's School
2024
Guy's Hospital
2011-2023
Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa
2021
Middlesex University
1991-2015
The London College
2012
University of Newcastle Australia
2012
Newcastle University
2012
Abstract HIV immunity is likely CD4 T cell dependent. HIV-specific proliferative responses are reported to correlate inversely with virus load and directly specific CD8 responses. However, the phenotype cytokine profile of cells that disease unknown. We compared number/function Gag p24-specific in 17 HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) infected for a median 14.6 years those 16 slow progressors (SPs), also 14 but whose count had declined <500 cells/μl. Compared SPs, LTNPs...
Cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) can induce HIV-1 production in T-cell lines. However, it is not known if the same occurs freshly isolated mononuclear cells, nor virus itself regulate cellular cytokine production. In this paper we report that induces peripheral blood cells (PBMC) and CD4+ T lymphocytes to secrete TNFα, TNFβ interferon-gamma (IFNγ), three cytokines having multifunctional activities complex physiological roles. We also show separate addition of exogenous...
BACKGROUNDBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is protective against Tuberculosis (TB) in children, but its efficacy wanes with age. Consequently, determining if BCG revaccination augments anti-TB immunity young adults TB endemic regions vital.METHODSTwo hundred healthy adults, vaccinated at birth, were tested for their IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) status. Of these, 28 IGRA+ and 30 IGRA- revaccinated, 24 23 subjects served as unvaccinated controls. T innate cell responses to mycobacterial...
This proof-of-concept study tested if prior BCG revaccination can qualitatively and quantitively enhance antibody T-cell responses induced by Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 or COVISHIELD™, an efficacious the most widely distributed vaccine in India. We compared COVISHIELD™ longitudinal immune 21 re-vaccinees (BCG-RV) 13 BCG-non-revaccinees (BCG-NRV), all of whom were vaccinated at birth; latent tuberculosis negative SARS-CoV-2 seronegative to vaccination. Compared BCG-NRV, BCG-RV...
Abstract Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin - vaccination induces not only protection in infants and young children against severe forms of tuberculosis, but also non-tuberculosis related all-cause mortality. To delineate different factors influencing mycobacterial growth control, here we first investigate the effects BCG-vaccination healthy Dutch adults. About a quarter individuals already control BCG-growth prior to vaccination, whereas vaccinees acquires capacity BCG upon vaccination. This leaves...
Abstract The H9 and CEM CD4+ T cell lines were infected with HIV-1 (NY5/LAV-1 isolate) monitored for losses in viability, syncytium formation, internucleosomal DNA cleavage (a marker apoptosis). cells found to undergo death via apoptosis as a result of HIVNY5 infection, but this effect was not apparent cultures. differential effects HIV-1NY5 terms its apoptosis-inducing properties correlated the relative abilities supporting replication isolate, since cultures produced 10-fold lower levels...
SUMMARY In vitro studies shows that recombinant tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and β, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can enhance HIV replication, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected with in secrete high levels of the same cytokines. As T all three mediators, capacity cell activation signals to trigger cytokine production PBMC from HIV-infected individuals was investigated as such patients may be immunocompromised. We demonstrate asymptomatic seropositives CDC group II/III well who...
Chronic T cell activation is a hallmark of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The mechanisms underpinning this important phenomenon are however, poorly elucidated, though known to rely on control effector cells (Teff) by regulatory (Treg). Our studies show that circulating natural Treg in adults with PTB preserve their suppressive potential but Teff from such subjects resistant Treg-mediated suppression. We found be due expansion an activated subset identified Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR...
Abstract The functional heterogeneity of T cell responses to diverse antigens expressed at different stages Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, in particular early secreted versus dormancy related latency later, that distinguish subjects with latent (LTBI), pulmonary (PTB) or extrapulmonary (EPTB) remains unclear. Here we show blood central memory CD4 T-cell specific Mtb (DosR) latency, but not classical immunodominant secretory antigens, clearly differentiate LTBI from EPTB and PTB....
To test the T-helper (TH)1/TH2 cytokine paradigm in HIV infection.Cytokine profiles two separate studies of patients and controls are presented: (i) a longitudinal study with CD4 counts > 500 x 10(6)/l tested at three timepoints compared controls; (ii) blinded cross-sectional high (> 10(6)/l) low (< counts. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from were for production type 1 [interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma] 2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both...
The mechanisms underlying non-progression in HIV-1 infection are not well understood; however, this state has been associated previously with strong HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses and the preservation of proliferative CD4+ to antigens. Using a combination interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) ELISpot assays tetramer staining, populations were quantified characterized untreated long-term HIV-1-infected non-progressors individuals slowly progressive disease, both relation responses, comparison...
There are limited global data on head-to-head comparisons of vaccine platforms assessing both humoral and cellular immune responses, stratified by pre-vaccination serostatus. The COVID-19 vaccination drive for the Indian population in age group 18–45 years began April 2021 when seropositivity rates general were rising due to delta wave pandemic during April–May 2021. Between June 30, 2021, Jan 28, 2022, we enrolled 691 participants across four clinical sites India. In this non-randomised...
We investigated risk factors for hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to abacavir in a case–control study. In multivariate analysis, white race [odds ratio (OR), 5.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16–22.97] and higher CD8 cell count at initiation of (>850 vs. ≤850 cells: OR, 3.74; CI, 1.19–11.77) were found be significantly associated with the development HSR. Age, gender, stage disease, prior antiretroviral exposure type concurrent therapy not Differences predisposition HSR according...
Objective To evaluate the immune response to HIV-1 p24 generated in vivo by p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p17/p24:Ty-VLP) examining lymphoproliferative and antibody (Ab) responses p24, as well Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), HIV-seronegative volunteers immunized with hybrid p17/p24:Ty-VLP. Design methods Sixteen were p17/p24:Ty-VLP at two dose levels (100 or 500$mU.g) monitored for following 48 weeks production of anti-p24 anti-p17 Ab, vitro p17, CTL Gag. Results Twelve out 16...
Large granular lymphocyte clones were prepared from normal human mononuclear cells. Seven studied in detail. All had high cytotoxic activity against the natural killer (NK) cell target K562 and all T11- DR-positive but T4- T8-negative: none released migration inhibitory factor, a characteristic of helper T clones. When these NK co-cultured with autologous B cells 1:1 ratio, 4 7 induced both IgM IgG synthesis. Ig production could not be further enhanced by addition differentiation factors....
In HIV infection, uncontrolled immune activation and disease progression is attributed to declining CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers. However, qualitative aspects of Treg function in specifically the balance between cell suppressive potency versus suppressibility effector cells, remain poorly understood. This report addresses this issue.A classic suppression assay measure CD4+CD45RO+CD25hi cells suppress proliferation CD4+CD45RO+CD25- effectors (E) following CD3/CD28...