A5075613360- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
- Respiratory viral infections research
King's College London
2019-2024
Asthma UK
2019-2023
Guy's Hospital
2021
Centre for Inflammation Research
2020
COVID-19 vaccine design and vaccination rollout need to take into account a detailed understanding of antibody durability cross-neutralizing potential against SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants concern (VOCs). Analyses convalescent sera provide unique insights longevity activity induced by variant spike proteins, which are putative candidates. Using from 38 individuals infected in wave 1, we show that can be detected up 305 days pos onset symptoms, although were less potent B.1.1.7 (Alpha) B1.351...
Understanding of the true asymptomatic rate infection SARS-CoV-2 is currently limited, as understanding population-based seroprevalence after first wave COVID-19 within UK. The majority data thus far come from hospitalised patients, with little focus on general population cases, or their symptoms.We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation IgM and IgG responses against spike glycoprotein nucleocapsid protein 431 unselected general-population participants TwinsUK cohort...
There is a worldwide need for reagents to perform SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some laboratories have implemented kit-free protocols, but many others do not the capacity develop these and/or manual processing. We provide multiple workflows nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing several commercially available RNA extraction methods: QIAamp Viral Mini Kit (QIAgen), RNAdvance Blood/Viral (Beckman) and Mag-Bind DNA/RNA 96 (Omega Bio-tek). also compared One-step RT-qPCR reagents: TaqMan...
This proof-of-concept study tested if prior BCG revaccination can qualitatively and quantitively enhance antibody T-cell responses induced by Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 or COVISHIELD™, an efficacious the most widely distributed vaccine in India. We compared COVISHIELD™ longitudinal immune 21 re-vaccinees (BCG-RV) 13 BCG-non-revaccinees (BCG-NRV), all of whom were vaccinated at birth; latent tuberculosis negative SARS-CoV-2 seronegative to vaccination. Compared BCG-NRV, BCG-RV...
Abstract Background The mpox public health emergency of international concern that emerged in 2022, driven by clade IIb infections high-income nations, was declared over the WHO May 2023, while more virulent I mpox, continues to spread endemically Central Africa. In November Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) reported its highest ever annual cases, reaching 12,569 with a 4.6% case fatality rate (CFR). DRC lacks rollout approved vaccines but has two vaccine trials among healthcare personnel...
Although the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied extensively at polyclonal level using immune sera, little reported on monoclonal level. Here, we isolate a panel of 44 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (mAbs) from an individual who received two doses ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine 12-week interval. We show that, despite relatively low serum neutralization titer, Spike-reactive IgG+ B cells are still detectable 9 months post-boost. Furthermore, mAbs with potent neutralizing...
COVID-19 vaccines are playing a vital role in controlling the pandemic. As SARS-CoV-2 variants encoding mutations surface glycoprotein, Spike, continue to emerge, there is increased need identify immunogens and vaccination regimens that provide broadest most durable immune responses. We compared magnitude breadth of neutralizing antibody response, as well levels Spike-reactive memory B cells, individuals receiving second dose BNT162b2 at short (3–4 week) or extended interval (8–12 weeks)...
Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged epithelium the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) highly expressed where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability facilitates immune transepithelial migration. However, contribution CAR remains...
The possible link between poaching, wildlife trafficking and terrorism is a frequent feature of public narratives. This chapter examines the evidence underpinning claims widespread participation by terrorist groups in illegal ivory trade. It considers assertions that Al-Shabaab, Janjaweed Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) – three most commonly cited have become major beneficiaries. Al-Shabaab Al-Qa'ida-affiliated Somali jihadi Islamist organisation has featured perhaps strongly poaching...
The emerging role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulating smooth muscle functions has led to the exploration possibility that this sphingolipid could represent a potential therapeutic target asthma and other lung diseases. Several studies animal surrogates have suggested for S1P-mediated signaling regulation airway (ASM) contraction, hyperresponsiveness, remodeling, but evidence from human is lacking.We sought compare responsiveness airways S1P healthy asthmatic individuals vivo,...
Abstract There is a worldwide need for reagents to perform SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some laboratories have implemented kit-free protocols, but many others do not the capacity develop these and/or manual processing. We provide multiple workflows nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing several commercially available RNA extraction methods: QIAamp Viral Mini Kit (QIAgen), RNAdvance Blood/Viral (Beckman) and Mag-Bind DNA/RNA 96 (Omega Bio-tek). also compared One-step RT-qPCR...
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need to identify new antiviral therapeutics at pace, including through drug repurposing. We employed a Quadratic Unbounded Binary Optimization (QUBO) model, search for compounds similar Remdesivir, first against SARS-CoV-2 approved human use, using quantum-inspired device. modelled Remdesivir and present in DrugBank database as graphs, established optimal parameters our algorithm resolved Maximum Weighted Independent Set problem within conflict graph...
Management of COVID-19 and other epidemics requires large-scale diagnostic testing. The gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, which detects viral RNA more sensitively than any method. However, the resource use supply-chain requirements RT-PCR have continued to challenge laboratories worldwide. Here, we establish characterize a low-cost method detect SARS-CoV-2 in clinical...
Abstract Background Understanding of the true asymptomatic rate infection SARS-CoV-2 is currently limited, as understanding population-based seroprevalence after first wave COVID-19 within UK. The majority data thus far come from hospitalised patients, with little focus on general population cases, or their symptoms. Methods We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation IgM and IgG responses against spike glycoprotein nucleocapsid protein 431 unselected general-population...
As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge globally, a major challenge for COVID-19 vaccination is the generation of durable antibody response with cross-neutralizing activity against both current and newly emerging viral variants. Cross-neutralizing concern (B.1.1.7, P.1 B.1.351) has been observed following vaccination, albeit at reduced potency, but whether vaccines based on Spike glycoprotein these will produce superior not fully investigated. Here, we used sera from individuals infected...
Abstract This study tested if prior BCG revaccination can further boost immune responses subsequently induced by an otherwise efficacious Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccine, referred to as COVISHIELDTM in India. We compared longitudinal 21 re-vaccinees (BCG-RV) and 13 BCG-non-revaccinees (BCG-NRV), all of whom were vaccinated at birth latent tuberculosis negative, after prime with baseline samples that collected pre-pandemic pre-BCG revaccination. Compared BCG-NRV, BCG-RV displayed...
Human disturbance of wildlife may cause disruption normal feeding, resting, reproduction, or care for juveniles. Such be particularly undesirable in federally managed wilderness areas designed to minimize human infl uences on natural resources. We recorded tule elk (Cervus elephus nannodes) responses (standing, walking away, running) off-trail hikers, off-shore boats, and other anthropogenic factors Point Reyes National Seashore northern California during 2002 2008. Most behaviors were...
The gold standard protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection detection remains reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), which detects viral RNA more sensitively than any other approach. Here, we present Homebrew, a low-cost to extract using widely available reagents. Homebrew is as sensitive commercially extraction kits. allows sample pooling and can be adapted automation in high-throughput settings. For complete details...
Abstract Rapid and accessible testing was paramount in the management of COVID-19 pandemic. Our university established KCL TEST: a SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic programme that enabled sensitive PCR RNA saliva. Here, we describe our learnings provide blueprint for launching diagnostic laboratories, particularly low-resource settings. Between December 2020 July 2022, performed 158277 PCRs staff, students, their household contacts, free charge. average turnaround time 16 h 37 min from user...
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need to identify new therapeutics at pace, including through drug repurposing. We employed a Quadratic Unbounded Binary Optimization (QUBO) model, search for compounds similar Remdesivir (RDV), only antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 currently approved human use, using quantum-inspired device. modelled RDV and present in DrugBank database as graphs, established optimal parameters our algorithm resolved Maximum Weighted Independent Set problem within...
Abstract Testing was paramount in the management of COVID-19 pandemic. Our university established KCL TEST: a SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic testing programme that enabled sensitive and accessible PCR RNA saliva. We performed 158,277 PCRs for our staff, students, their household contacts, free charge. average turnaround time 16h 37 mins from user registration to result delivery. TEST combined open-source automation house non-commercial reagents, which allows rapid deployment. Here we provide...
Abstract COVID-19 vaccines are playing a vital role in controlling the pandemic. As SARS-CoV-2 variants encoding mutations surface glycoprotein, Spike, continue to emerge, there is increased need identify immunogens and vaccination regimens that provide broadest most durable immune responses. We compared magnitude breadth of neutralizing antibody response, as well levels Spike-reactive memory B cells, individuals receiving second dose BNT126b2 at short (3-4 week) or extended interval (8-12...