Summary Sessile plants constantly experience environmental stresses in nature. They must have evolved effective mechanisms to balance growth with stress response. Here we report the MADS‐box transcription factor AGL16 acting as a negative regulator response Arabidopsis. Loss‐of‐ confers resistance salt seed germination, root elongation and soil‐grown plants, while elevated expression opposite phenotypes compared wild‐type. However, sensitivity abscisic acid (ABA) germination is inversely...

The gaseous hormone ethylene participates in many physiological processes plants. Ethylene-inhibited root elongation involves PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2)-mediated basipetal auxin transport, but the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of PIN2 function by (and therefore distribution) are poorly understood. Here, we report that plant-specific and ethylene-responsive HD-Zip gene HB52 is involved ethylene-mediated inhibition primary Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemical genetic analyses demonstrated...

Plants are major sulfur reducers in the global cycle. Sulfate, natural source soil, is absorbed by plant roots and transported into plastids, where it reduced assimilated Cys for further metabolic processes. Despite its importance, how sulfate plastids poorly understood. We previously demonstrated using single Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genetic mutants that each member of transporter (SULTR) subfamily 3 was able to transport across chloroplast envelope membrane. To resolve function...

Improvement of crop drought resistance and water-use efficiency (WUE) has been a major endeavor in agriculture. Arabidopsis ENHANCED DROUGHT TOLERANCE1/HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS11 (AtEDT1/HDG11), homeodomain-START transcription factor we previously identified from the enhanced tolerance1 mutant (edt1), demonstrated to improve tolerance WUE significantly multiple plant species when constitutively overexpressed. Here, report genetic evidence suggesting pathway, which consists EDT1/HDG11, ERECTA,...

Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying drought resistance are complex not yet fully understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis MADS-box transcription factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in by regulating stomatal density movement. Loss-of-AGL16 mutants were more resistant to stress had higher relative water content, which was attributed lower leaf sensitive closure due ABA levels compared...

Salt stress is a major constraint on plant growth and yield. Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are known to alleviate salt stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that nitrate-dependent tolerance mediated by OsMADS27 in rice. The expression of specifically induced nitrate. salt-inducible also nitrate dependent. knockout mutants more sensitive than wild type, whereas overexpression lines tolerant. Transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulates number...

Abstract Stomata play a critical role in the regulation of gas exchange and photosynthesis plants. Stomatal closure participates multiple stress responses, is regulated by complex network including abscisic acid (ABA) signaling ion-flux-induced turgor changes. The slow-type anion channel SLAC1 has been identified to be central controller stomatal phosphoactivated several kinases. Here, we report structure Arabidopsis thaliana ( At SLAC1) an inactivated, closed state. cytosolic amino...

Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in lateral root (LR) development, but how ABA signaling interacts with auxin to regulate LR formation not well understood. Here, we report that ABA-responsive ERF1 mediates the crosstalk between and Arabidopsis emergence. ABI3 a negative factor emergence transcriptionally activates by binding its promoter, reciprocally, ABI3, which forms regulatory loop enables rapid signal amplification. Notably, physically ERF1, reducing cis element-binding activities of...

Lateral roots (LRs) are crucial for plants to sense environmental signals in addition water and nutrient absorption. Auxin is key LR formation, but the underlying mechanisms not fully understood. Here, we report that Arabidopsis ERF1 inhibits emergence by promoting local auxin accumulation with altered distribution regulating signaling. Loss of increases density compared wild type, whereas overexpression causes opposite phenotype. enhances transport upregulating PIN1 AUX1, resulting...

Oxidative stress is unavoidable for aerobic organisms. When abiotic and biotic stresses are encountered, oxidative damage could occur in cells. To avoid this damage, defense mechanisms must be timely efficiently modulated. While the response to has been extensively studied plants, little known about how activated switched off when diminished. By studying Arabidopsis mutant paraquat tolerance3, we identified genetic locus PARAQUAT TOLERANCE3 (PQT3) as a major negative regulator of tolerance....

The ethylene-regulated hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana's involves many transcription factors. specific role MYC factors in ethylene signal transduction is not completely understood. results here revealed that two MYCs, MYC2 and MYC3, act as negative regulators ethylene-suppressed elongation. Etiolated seedlings the lost-of-function mutant or MYC3 were longer than wild type seedlings. Single- double-null mutants displayed an enhanced response to...

Salt stress significantly influences plant growth and reduces crop yield. It is highly anticipated to develop salt-tolerant crops with salt tolerance genes transgenic technology. Hence, it critical identify that can be used improve tolerance.We report the transcription elongation factor suppressor of Ty 4-2 (SPT4-2) a positive modulator in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtSPT4-2 expression induced by stress. Knockout mutants display salt-sensitive phenotype, whereas overexpression lines exhibit...

Vascular plants have evolved intricate long-distance signaling mechanisms to cope with environmental stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) emerging as pivotal systemic signals in plant stress responses. However, the exact role of ROS root-to-shoot drought response has not been determined. In this study, we reveal that compared wild-type plants, ferric reductase defective 3 (frd3) mutants exhibit enhanced resistance concomitant elevated NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE (NCED3) transcript...

The ethylene-regulated hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana involves many transcription factors. specific role MYC factors in ethylene signal transduction is not completely understood. results here revealed that two MYCs, MYC2 and MYC3, act as negative regulators ethylene-suppressed elongation. Etiolated seedlings the loss-of-function mutant or MYC3 were significantly longer than wild-type seedlings. Single- double-null mutants displayed remarkably enhanced response to...

This study shows that OsSPL10 is a novel genetic locus of glufosinate resistance in rice. negatively regulates the expression OsGS genes and thereby decreases GS activity. Knockout OsSLP10 thus enhances resistance, making it candidate gene for improvement crop stress resistance.

Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plants and a signaling molecule in abiotic stress responses. It known that S availability modulates root system architecture; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. We previously reported Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant sulfate utilization efficiency4 (sue4) could tolerate deficiency during germination early seedling growth with faster primary elongation. Here, we report SUE4, novel plasma membrane-localized protein,...

Summary Lateral roots (LRs) are crucial for plants to sense environmental signals in addition water and nutrient absorption. Auxin is key LR formation, but the underlying mechanisms not fully understood. Here we report that Arabidopsis ERF1 inhibits emergence by promoting local auxin accumulation with altered distribution regulating signaling. Loss of increases density compared wild type, whereas overexpression causes opposite phenotype. enhances transport upregulating PIN1 AUX1 , resulting...

ABSTRACT Drought is one of the most severe environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. Plants respond to drought by closing stomata reduce water loss. The molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are very complex yet be fully understood. While much research attention has been focused on positive regulation stomatal closure, less known about its negative regulation, equally important in this reversible process. Here we show that MADS-box transcriptional factor AGL16 acts...

ABSTRACT The transcription factor ERF109 acts as a crosstalk node between jasmonic acid signaling and auxin biosynthesis by directly regulating YUC2 ASA1 during lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. However, whether regulates the transport remains unclear. Here we report mechanism of ERF109-mediated system. Through transcriptome comparison erf109 , wild type, 35S:ERF109 found that genes PIN2 PIN4 encoding major membrane-based efflux carriers auxin, were enriched overexpression line. In...

Abstract The gaseous hormone ethylene participates in many physiological processes of plants. It is well known that ethylene-inhibited root elongation involves basipetal auxin delivery requiring PIN2. However, the molecular mechanism how regulates PIN2 not understood. Here, we report ethylene-responsive HD-Zip gene HB52 involved ethylene-mediated inhibition primary elongation. Using biochemical and genetic analyses, demonstrated acts immediately downstream EIN3. knock-down mutants are...

Abstract Vascular plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms of long-distance signaling to cope with environmental stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as systemic signals in plant stress responses. However, it is not known whether ROS serve root-to-shoot the drought response. Here, we show that ferric reductase defective3 ( frd3 ) mutants exhibit enhanced resistance concomitant increased NCED3 transcript levels and ABA contents leaves. The also an elevated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O...