Using ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless sensors placed on a person to continuously monitor health information is promising new application. However, there are currently no detailed models describing the UWB radio channel around human body making it difficult design suitable communication system. To address this problem, we have measured propagation in typical indoor environment and incorporated these results into simple model. We then implemented model computer compared experimental data with...

Body worn wireless sensors for monitoring health information is a promising new application. In developing these sensors, communication channel model essential. However, there are currently few measurements or models describing propagation around the body. To address this problem, we have measured electromagnetic waves near torso and derived relevant statistics. We find that components diffracting body well modeled using correlated log normal variables, Nakagami-m distribution can be used to...

The successful realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN) requires innovative solutions to meet the energy consumption budget autonomous sensor nodes. radio interface is major challenge, since its power must be reduced below 100 /spl mu/W (energy scavenging limit). emerging ultra-wide-band (UWB) technology shows strong advantages in reaching this target. First, most complexity an UWB system receiver, which perfect scenario WBAN context. Second, very little hardware transmitter offers...

This tutorial paper gives an overview of the history and present state art in symbolic analysis electronic circuits at so-called circuit level. Symbolic is defined as a technique generating closed-form analytic expression for characteristic with circuit's elements represented by symbols. Such information complements results from numerical simulations. The then describes different application areas design analog circuits. mainly used means to obtain insight into behavior, generate models...

The emerging concept of multistandard radios calls for low-noise amplifier (LNA) solutions able to comply with their needs. Meanwhile, the increasing cost scaled CMOS pushes towards low-area in standard, digital CMOS. Feedback LNAs are meet both demands. This paper is devoted design active-feedback LNAs. We discuss wideband, narrowband and multiband implementations. demonstrate that competitive RF performance achievable thanks downscaling, pleasing many applications because low (digital...

In this paper, the concept of phase modulated MIMO radars is explained and demonstrated with a 28-nm CMOS fully integrated 79-GHz radar SoC. It includes two transmitters, receivers, mm-wave frequency generation. The receivers' outputs are digitized by on-chip ADCs processed custom designed digital core, which performs correlation accumulation pseudorandom sequence used in transmission. SoC consumes 1 W to achieve 7.5 cm range resolution. A module antennas allows for 5° resolution over ±60°...

Comparison of digital and analog figures-of-merit FinFETs planar bulk MOSFETs reveals an interesting tradeoff in the analog/RF design space. It is found that possess following key advantages over MOSFETs: reduced leakage, excellent subthreshold slope, better voltage gain without degradation noise or linearity. This makes them attractive for low-frequency RF applications around 5 GHz, where performance-power important. On other hand, high-frequency applications, are seen to hold advantage due...

Substrate coupling in mixed-signal IC's can cause important performance degradation of the analog circuits. Accurate simulation is therefore needed to investigate generation, propagation, and impact substrate noise. Recent studies were limited time-domain behavior generated noise injection from a single source. This paper focuses on generation by digital circuits spectral content this To simulate SPICE model for heavily doped epi-type substrates has been used. The accuracy verified with...

A fully integrated 5-GHz low-power ESD-protected low-noise amplifier (LNA), designed and fabricated in a 90-nm RF CMOS technology, is presented. This 9.7-mW LNA features 13.3-dB power gain at 5.5 GHz with noise figure of 2.9 dB, while maintaining an input return loss -14 dB. An on-chip inductor, added as "plug-and-play," i.e., without altering the original design, used ESD protection for pins to achieve sufficient protection. The has level up 1.4 transmission line pulse (TLP) current,...

Using wireless sensors placed on a person to continuously monitor health information is promising new application. In developing these sensors, detailed knowledge of the communication channel essential. However, there are currently very few measurements describing propagation around body. To address this problem, we have measured electromagnetic waves traveling near torso derive simple pathless law. The law then extended include influence arm movements and surrounding office environment....

A completely integrated PLL is realized in 45 nm digital CMOS, using two techniques to enable the coverage of 57-to-66 GHz band. First, targeted band 9 (plus margin for process variations) divided parts, each part being covered by a separate oscillator. This relaxes tunability requirements To direct conversion, uses quadrature VCOs (QVCOs) having signals at output. The outputs both QVCOs are buffered and multiplexed frequency selector. Next, wideband divider chain with an injection-locked...

The commercial potential of the 60 GHz band, in combination with scaling CMOS, has resulted a lot plain digital CMOS circuits and systems for millimeter-wave application. This work presents 90 nm two-path 52 phased-array receiver, based on LO phase shifting. system uses unmatched cascading RF building blocks features gain selection. A QVCO wide tuning range 8 is demonstrated. receiver achieves 30 dB maximum 7.1 minimum noise figure per path around GHz, low area power consumption respectively...

Millimeter-wave sensors perform robust and accurate remote motion sensing. We propose a 28 nm CMOS Radar TX that modulates 79 GHz carrier with 2 Gsps Pseudo-Noise sequence. The measured modulated output power at in 4 BW is higher than +11 dBm (27°C), while the spurious emissions are below -20 dBc, fully satisfying spectral mask regulations. RF where we can lock injection-locked LO 13 GHz. Overall, draws 121 mW from 0.9 V supply resulting record efficiency above 10%. More importantly,...

An electrical-balance duplexer achieving the state-of-the-art linearity and insertion loss (IL) performance is presented, enabled by a partially depleted RF silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. A single-ended configuration avoids common-mode isolation problem suffered topologies with differential low-noise amplifier. Highly linear switched capacitors allow for impedance balancing to antennas <;1.5:1 voltage standing wave ratio from 1.9 2.2 GHz. +70-dBm input-referred third-order intercept...

The link budget of multi-Gb/s wireless communication systems around 60GHz improves by beamforming. CMOS realizations for this type are mostly limited to either one-antenna [1], or beamforming ICs that do not implement all radio functions [2]. sliding-IF architecture [3] uses RF phase shifting, which deteriorates noise performance.

Indoor radar applications detecting people, vital signs and minute gestures require a high range resolution. This paper presents 145GHz FMCW transceiver with on-chip antennas in 28nm bulk CMOS. An RF bandwidth of 13GHz yields an 11mm resolution, the carrier permits greater velocity MIMO-angular external chirp signal at 16.1GHz is upconverted to via cascade two frequency triplers RX TX. For MIMO operation, central from sub-sampling PLL integrated CMOS [1] distributed multiple TRX chips on...

This paper presents a 10-bit, 550-fs step Digital-to-Time Converter (DTC) used in the phase comparison path of fractional-N, TDC-less and divider-less PLL. The DTC is devised as single-ended architecture which uses tunable RC network for delay control. circuit optimized low noise not to limit in-band performance fabricated Measured INL DNL are below 1.8 LSB 0.8 LSB, respectively. floor -154 dBc/Hz at 0.5 mW power consumption from 0.9 V supply. At 10 GHz output, PLL with embedded -105 dBc/Hz....

Millimeter-Wave transceivers with beamforming capabilities, such as the one presented in this work, are a key technology to reach 4 or 6Gb/s at 10m range IEEE 802.11ad standard. Moreover, for mm-Wave access 5G it will also be necessary boost peak data-rates far beyond 1Gb/s hundreds of meters small cells. Transceiver architectures often combine superheterodyne RF [1], leading high power consumption and suboptimal RX noise figure due losses circuitry. In contrast, 57-to-66GHz TRX IC paper,...

We present an analog subsampling PLL based on a digital-to-time converter (DTC), which operates with almost no performance gap (176/198 fs RMS jitter) between the integer and worst case fractional operation, achieving -246.6 dB FOM in mode. The is capable of two-point, 10 Mbit/s GMSK modulation -40.5 EVM around 10.24 GHz carrier. nonidealities-DTC gain, DTC nonlinearity, modulating VCO bank nonlinearity-are calibrated background while system normally. This results ~15 spur improvement (from...

We report on Al(Ga,In)N HEMTs, MISHEMTs and MOSFETs integrated 200 mm Si wafers using Au-free processing in standard CMOS tools, discuss the performance tradeoffs, limitations solutions. The main highlights of process optimization include low RF transmission loss (0.15 dB/mm at 20 GHz), state-of-the-art contact resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> ) 0.14 Ω for a non-Au, thermal budget (<; 600 °C) scheme high...

This article presents frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) radars developed for the detection of vital signs and gestures using two generations 145-GHz transceivers (TRXs) integrated in 28-nm bulk CMOS. The performance limitations high-frequency are quantified with a system-level study, design individual circuit blocks presented detail. A center frequency radar operation over an RF bandwidth 10 GHz yield displacement responsivity 2 π rad/mm windowed range resolution 30 mm,...

This article presents a series voltage-combining Doherty power amplifier (PA) achieving high output ( P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> ) and power-back-off (PBO) efficiency for 28-GHz fifth-generation (5G) applications. We introduce new transformer-based combiner design method to achieve true-Doherty load modulation that uses compact footprint. The stages of the main PA auxiliary (aux. PA) both use differential...

This article presents an ultralow-power 60-GHz indoor frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar in 28-nm CMOS. The front end employs a tunable matching network (TMN), which tracks the chirp frequency and supports 17% fractional bandwidth, covering unlicensed bands (57-66 GHz). A sixtupler chain (x6) transmitter (TX) provides output power of 8.1 dBm while achieving >20% dc-to-RF efficiency. mixer-first receiver (RX) followed by source degenerated high-pass (HP) filter suppresses...