A5059874571- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Apelin-related biomedical research
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Wound Healing and Treatments
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Diet and metabolism studies
University of Nottingham
2015-2025
Imperial College London
2002-2023
Loughborough University
2022
East Surrey Hospital
2010-2021
Queen's Medical Centre
2007-2015
University of Aberdeen
2015
Thomas Cole Historic House
2012
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
2002-2007
Hammersmith Hospital
2002-2006
University of Birmingham
2004-2006
Seasonal adaptations in physiology exhibited by many animals involve an interface between biological timing and specific neuroendocrine systems, but the molecular basis of this is unknown. In study Siberian hamsters, we show that availability thyroid hormone within hypothalamus a key determinant seasonal transitions. The expression gene encoding type III deiodinase (Dio3) Dio3 activity vivo (catabolism T4 T3) dynamically temporally regulated photoperiod, consistent with loss hypothalamic T3...
The central nervous system and gut peptide neuromedin U (NMU) inhibits feeding after intracerebroventricular injection. This study explored the hypothalamic actions of NMU on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Intraparaventricular nucleus (intra-PVN) dose-dependently inhibited food intake, with a minimum effective dose 0.1 nmol robust effect at 0.3 nmol. Feeding inhibition was mapped by injection into eight areas. (0.3 nmol) intake in PVN (0-1 h, 59 +/- 6.9% control value; P < 0.001)...
The kisspeptins are KiSS-1 gene-derived peptides that signal through the G protein-coupled receptor-54 (GPR54) and have recently been shown to be critical regulators of reproduction. Acute intracerebroventricular or peripheral administration kisspeptin stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This effect is thought mediated via hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system. Chronic GnRH agonists paradoxically suppresses HPG axis after an initial agonistic...
Siberian hamsters display photoperiodically regulated annual cycles in body weight, appetite, and reproduction. Previous studies have revealed a profound up-regulation of type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) mRNA the ventral ependyma hypothalamus associated with hypophagia weight loss short-day photoperiods. DIO3 reduces local availability T(3), so aim this study was to test hypothesis that decreased hypothalamic T(3) underlies short-day-induced catabolic state. The experimental approach determine...
The Siberian hamster survives winter by decreasing food intake and catabolizing abdominal fat reserves, resulting in a sustained, profound loss of body weight. VGF gene expression is photoperiodically regulated the hypothalamus with significantly higher lean hamsters. aim this study was to investigate role regulating these seasonal cycles determining effects VGF-derived peptide (TLQP-21) on Acute intracerebroventricular administration TLQP-21 decreased intake, chronic treatment caused...
OBJECTIVE Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide expressed in central nervous system areas known to be involved food intake. We therefore hypothesized that PK2 plays role energy homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS investigated the effect of nutritional status on expression and effects regulation intake by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection anti-PK2 antibody. Subsequently, we potential mechanism action determining sites neuronal activation after ICV PK2, site...
The objective of this study was to determine whether the previously observed effects photoperiod on body weight in Siberian hamsters were due changes daily patterns locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and/or feeding behavior. Adult males monitored through a seasonal cycle using an automated comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system (CLAMS). Exposure short-day (SD; 8:16-h light-dark cycle) induced significant decline weight, and oxygen consumption (V̇o 2 ), carbon dioxide...
Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently been shown to acutely reduce food intake in rodents. We aimed determine the CNS sites and receptors that mediate anorectic effects of peripherally administered PK2 its chronic on glucose energy homeostasis.We investigated neuronal activation following i.p. administration using c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (CFL-IR). The effect was examined mice with targeted deletion either prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) or (PKR2), wild-type PKR1 antagonist, PC1. IP...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, but the relative contributions of different macronutrients is still unclear. We investigated impact acids, glucose and fructose on in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) three cell lines: HepG2 (human hepatoblastoma−derived line), Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma line) McA-RH7777 (McA, rat line). Cells were treated for 48 h acids (0 or 200 μM), (5 mM 11 mM) mM, 2 8 mM). Lipid was measured via Nile Red...
Abstract A number of neuropeptides implicated in the hypothalamic regulation appetite are synthesized arcuate nucleus (Arc). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti‐related protein (Agrp) orexigenic. The pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) product alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is anorectic. Intracerebroventricular administration cocaine‐ amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) decreases food intake. However, recent results show that CART orexigenic when injected into discrete nuclei. There...
SUMMARY Background The merit of pre‐operative biliary drainage in managing hepatic, or pancreatic patients remains unclear with previous studies demonstrating significant increases bacterobilia. Aims To establish if was associated (i) a change bacterial flora, (ii) post‐operative sepsis and (iii) to ascertain modification antibiotic prophylaxis warranted. Methods Data were collected on 331 undergoing surgery for malignant obstruction between August 2000 June 2005. Microbiological data from...
Skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis depends on proliferation of myoblasts followed by differentiation into myotubes/multinucleated myofibers. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to affect these processes, but there is conflicting evidence within the current literature exact nature effects due a lack time course data. With 20%-40% pregnant women worldwide being VD deficient, it crucial that clearer understanding impact myogenesis gained.
Vitamin D (VD) plays a pivotal role in fetal brain development by regulating essential processes such as neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Despite the critical of VD maternal health, studies have shown that almost 1 3 pregnant women UK may be vitamin D-deficient. Epidemiological demonstrated deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy can lead to adverse neurodevelopment, resulting postnatal cognitive deficits. Although mechanism which VDD affects function is unknown, there...
Leptin regulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in relation to nutritional status. The mechanism through which leptin mediates its effects on neuroendocrine reproductive circuits remains unclear. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a recently identified hypothalamic peptide, localized arcuate nucleus, seems be regulated by and stimulates LH when administered centrally. Here, we demonstrate that release of GALP GnRH vitro from explants harvested male rats. In addition, show GT1-7 cells....
Nociceptin or orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor NOP1 are expressed in hypothalamic nuclei involved energy homeostasis. N/OFQ administered by intracerebroventricular arcuate nucleus (ARC) injection increases food intake satiated rats. The mechanisms which unknown. We hypothesized that may regulate neurons containing peptides the control of such as cocaine- amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), alphaMSH, neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP). investigated ability to alter...
VGF (non-acronymic) was first highlighted to have a role in energy homeostasis through experiments involving dietary manipulation mice. Fasting increased mRNA the Arc and levels were subsequently reduced upon refeeding. This anabolic for supported by observations null (VGF-/-) mouse diet-induced gold-thioglucose obese However, this has not been number of subsequent studies investigating physiological effects VGF-derived peptides. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion TLQP-21 resting...
Calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP) inhibits food intake and stimulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis after intracerebroventricular injection in rats. However, hypothalamic site mechanism of action are unknown. We investigated effects intraparaventricular nucleus administration (iPVN) CGRP on HPA rats effect release neuropeptides vitro. In addition, we deprivation expression. dose-dependently reduced first hour iPVN fasted male (saline, 5.1 +/- 0.8 g; 0.3 nmol CGRP, 1.1 0.5...
Many vertebrates express profound annual cycles of body fattening, although it is not clear whether these represent differential activity the central pathways known to mediate homeostatic control food intake and energy expenditure, or recent discovery a major role for pars tuberalis‐ependymal signalling points towards novel mechanisms. We examined this in Siberian hamster ( Phodopus sungorus ) by using gene transfection up‐regulate orexigenic peptide, agouti‐related peptide (AgRP), then...
Introduction: Current studies suggest immunonutrition decreases the inflammatory process, infection rates and reduces length of hospital stay in surgical patients, however are often conducted on heterogeneous groups patients with varying composition immunonutrition. We aim to investigate effect undergoing major upper gastrointestinal surgery by assessment (i) immune response (ii) changes clinical outcome when compared a randomised control receiving conventional feeding. Method: A prospective...