A detailed study of ammonia synthesis from hydrogen and nitrogen in a planar dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was carried out. Electrical parameters were systematically varied, including applied voltage frequency, electrode gap, type ferroelectric material (BaTiO3 versus PZT). For selected operating conditions, power consumption plasma electron density estimated Lissajous diagrams by application the Bolsig + model, respectively. Optical emission spectroscopy used to follow...

Plasma treatment is recognized as a suitable technology to improve germination efficiency of numerous seeds. In this work Quinoa seeds have been subjected air plasma treatments both at atmospheric and low pressure improvements found in rate percentage success. Seed water uptake by exposure vapor, although slightly greater for treated seeds, did not justify the observed improvement. To identify other possible factors contributing germination, chemical changes experienced outer parts seed upon...

This paper is devoted to the steady-state rheological properties of two new kinds ferrofluids. One these was constituted by CoNi nanospheres 24 nm in diameter, whereas other nanofibers 56 length and 6.6 width. These ferrofluids were subjected shear rate ramps under presence magnetic fields different intensity, corresponding stress values measured. From obtained rheograms (shear vs curves) both static dynamic yield stresses as a function field. The magnetoviscous effect also experimental...

Plasma reactions offer an attractive alternative route for the synthesis of a variety valuable chemical compounds. Here we investigate parameters that determine efficiency ammonia in ferroelectric packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The effects varying operating frequency, size pellets and inter‐electrode distance have been systematically studied. Under optimised conditions nitrogen conversions excess 7% were achieved, higher than those previously obtained using DBD...

Current studies on ammonia synthesis by means of atmospheric pressure plasmas respond to the urgent need developing less environmentally aggressive processes than conventional Haber–Bosch catalytic reaction. Herein, we systematically study plasma and much investigated reverse reaction (decomposition into nitrogen hydrogen). Besides analyzing efficiency both in a packed-bed reactor, apply an isotope-exchange approach (using D2 instead H2) mechanisms. Isotope labeling has been rarely applied...

Plasma-catalysis has been proposed as a potential alternative for the synthesis of ammonia. Studies in this area focus on reaction mechanisms and apparent synergy existing between processes occurring plasma phase surface catalytic material. In present study, we approach problem using parallel-plate packed-bed reactor with gap electrodes filled pellets lead zirconate titanate (PZT), ferroelectric material modified coating layer alumina (i.e., Al2O3/PZT) same incorporating ruthenium...

Plasma-assisted catalysis of the reaction between CO2 and C2H6 in a single-pass, ferroelectrically moderated dielectric barrier discharge reactor has been studied at near ambient temperature as function physicochemical electrical variables. The presence small amounts vanadia/alumina catalyst dispersed on BaTiO3 ferroelectric markedly enhanced production formaldehyde, focus this work. A maximum HCOH selectivity 11.4% (defined with respect to number ethane carbon atoms consumed) ∼100%...

Plasma treatments had emerged as a useful technique to improve seed germination. In this work we investigate the influence of different irrigation conditions and plasma on germination nasturtium seeds. During treatment, seeds experience progressive weight loss function treatment time that has been associated water release, process is more pronounced after longer times. Seeds treated for short times (<30 s) are able germinate efficiently than untreated specimen under hydric stress (drought...

Carbon dioxide decomposition is a challenging target to combat climate change. Nonthermal plasmas are advantageous for this purpose because they operate at ambient conditions and can be easily scaled-up. In study, we attempt the CO2 splitting into CO O2 in parallel plate packed-bed plasma reactor moderated with Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) as ferroelectric component, achieving conversion rates energy efficiencies higher than those obtained BaTiO3 our experimental device. The analysis of...

Numerous works have demonstrated that cold plasma treatments constitute an effective procedure to accelerate seed germination under nonstress conditions. Evidence also exists about a positive effect of plasmas for environmental stress For barley seeds, this work studies the influence on rate and initial stages plant growth in common environments, such as drought, salinity, low-temperature As general result, it has been found was higher plasma-treated than untreated seeds. Plasma induced...

Plasma reactions of CO2 + CH4 mixtures have been proposed as a suitable process for the dry reforming methane. Without specific catalysts, most studies report formation CO and H2 main reaction products arise question whether CHx radicals coming from may interact with intermediate species formed by electron impact dissociation CO2, critical step high added value oxygenated compounds. We addressed this studying plasma in ferroelectric-moderated packed-bed reactor varying reactants ratio....

Suspensions of micrometer-sized iron particles (10 vol %) dispersed in kerosene and stabilized by addition organoclay were prepared. The magnetization curves these suspensions measured, their sedimentation redispersion behaviors analyzed as a function clay concentration means optical rheological methods. Furthermore, magnetorheological properties investigated using controlled rate magnetorheometer the effect on was also analyzed. These experiments showed that slows down particle settling...

CoNi nanofibers (56 nm length, 6.6 width) and nanospheres (24 diameter) were synthesized by reduction of ions in a liquid polyol. These powders then characterized means electron microscopy, N2 adsorption, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, diffraction magnetometry. Similar properties found for nanospheres, with the exception shape consequent differences magnetization compressed that arise from strong effect fiber orientation on demagnetizing field. Finite element method simulation was...

To analyze the role of microglial and Müller cells in formation rings photoreceptor degeneration caused by phototoxicity.Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to light processed 1, 2, or 3 months later. Retinas dissected as whole-mounts, immunodetected for cells, S- L/M-cones analyzed using fluorescence, thunder imaging, confocal microscopy. Cone populations automatically counted isodensity maps constructed document cone topography.Phototoxicity causes a significant progressive loss...

This study explores the impact of plasma treatment on Lavandin Grosso flowers and its influence extraction essential oils (EOs) via hydrodistillation. Short times enhance yield EO from 3.19% in untreated samples to 3.44%, corresponding 1 min treatment, while longer (10 min) show diminishing returns 3.07% extraction. Chemical characterization (GC/MS ATR-FTIR) indicates that treatments do not significantly alter chemical composition extracted EOs, preserving their aromatic qualities....

Abstract Purpose To assess the effect of clinical factors on development and progression atrophy fibrosis in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving long‐term treatment real world. Methods An ambispective 36‐month multicentre study, involving 359 nAMD from 17 Spanish hospitals treated according to Vitreoretinal Society guidelines, was designed. The influence demographic factors, including presence location retinal fluid, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA)...

Plasma treatment of seeds is an efficient procedure to accelerate germination, improve initial stages plant growth, and for protection against pathogen infection. Most studies relate these beneficial effects with biochemical modifications affecting the metabolism genetic growth factors young plants. Using barley seeds, in this work, we investigate redistribution ions seed surface upon their cold air plasmas. In addition, effect plasma lixiviation through seeds' hull when they are immersed...

In this work, magnetorheological (MR) fluids using ionic liquids (ILs) as carrier were prepared. With aim, two different ILs, with low and high electrical conductivity, kinds of iron particles, either silica coating or without it, used. The viscosity the suspensions was measured, results compared theoretical predictions Batchelor's equation. deviations from equation used to make inferences on aggregation state suspensions. Contact angle measurements powder pellets also performed in order...

Views Icon Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Search Site Citation A. Gómez-Ramírez, P. Kuzhir, M. T. López-López, G. Bossis, Meunier, J. D. Durán; Steady shear flow of magnetic fiber suspensions: Theory comparison with experiments. Rheol. 1 January 2011; 55 (1): 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.3523477 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends...

Early results on the plasma deposition of dielectric thin films acoustic wave (AW) activated substrates revealed a densification pattern arisen from focusing ions and their impact specific areas piezoelectric substrate. Herein, we extend this methodology to tailor metals onto AW-activated LiNbO3 substrates. Our investigation reveals tracking initial stages nanoparticle (NP) formation growth during submonolayer silver. We elucidate role AW activation in reducing particle size, enhancing...

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas and plasma catalysis are becoming an alternative procedure to activate various gas phase reactions. A low-temperature normal operating pressure the main advantages of these processes, but a limited energy efficiency little selectivity control hinder their practical implementation. In this work, we propose use isotope labelling retrieve information about intermediate reactions that may intervene during DBD processes contributing decrease in...

Views Icon Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Search Site Citation M. T. López-López, A. Zugaldia, Gómez-Ramirez, F. González-Caballero, J. D. G. Durán; Effect of particle aggregation on the magnetic magnetorheological properties suspensions. Journal Rheology 1 July 2008; 52 (4): 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.2931008 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager...