IntroductionGait variability is a measure of the changes in person's walking pattern over time. Gait may be useful marker balance and coordination people with hypertension. The objective this investigation was to assess contrast gait exhibited by hypertensive normotensive individuals at their preferred speed.MethodsA total fifty-six participants {hypertensive (N = 28) 28)} were selected for cross-sectional study. Their anthropometric characteristics as mean age: 40.64 ± 6.24years; height...

Background. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent biomarker of systemic inflammation and a predictor future cardiovascular disease (CVD). More than just pure bystander, CRP directly interacts with endothelial cells to decrease nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression bioactivity, (NO) production, increase the release vasoconstrictors adhesion molecules. Race significantly associated levels CVD risks. With aerobic exercise, vessel wall exposed chronic high laminar shear stress (HiLSS)...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding to endothelial TNF receptor-I (TNFR-I) facilitates monocyte recruitment and chronic inflammation, leading the development of atherosclerosis. In vitro data show a heightened inflammatory response atherogenic potential in cells (ECs) from African American (AA) donors. High laminar shear stress (HSS) can mitigate some aspects racial differences function at cellular level. We examined possible TNF-induced adhesion TNFR1 signaling complex expression/activity,...

Abstract Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the racial health disparity in vascular African Americans (AAs). Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 constitutively expressed endothelial cells (EC) and a biomarker that has been hypertension, as its properties are involved pathologic oxidative stress pro-inflammation may affect homeostasis. Herein , we report significant inverse relationships between MMP-2, stroke volume, carotid aortic systolic pressures small cohort of young AA men. In...

Background C‐reactive protein (CRP) is an independent biomarker of inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CRP interacts directly with endothelial cells. decreases nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression bioactivity (NO) production. Race/ethnicity significantly associated CVD risks. Thus, the purpose this study was to assess racial differences concerning CRP‐induced biological effects in Methods Human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) from four African American (AA) donors Caucasian (CA)...

People with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) often exhibit endothelial dysfunction (EndoDys), which underlies the initiation of many diseases. African Americans (AA) have a greater prevalence T2D and EndoDys than their Caucasian (CA) counterparts. To understand these differences, we examined glucose metabolism within endothelium. Specifically, sought to determine whether there are differences between AAs CAs in Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway (HBP), route utilization that is upregulated T2D. We...

Smoking is one of the predictors decreased cardiopulmonary endurance.Gait disturbance may be due to many reasons, including cardiovascular endurance.This study aimed determine differences in gait parameters between non-smoker and smoker participants.A cross-sectional design was employed, involving thirty non-smokers thirty-seven smokers as participants.Detailed interviews were conducted gather information on smoking habits, status, history.Gait measured using a high-quality 3D accelerometer,...

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, an enzyme that is integral in regulating vascular structure and homeostasis, constitutively expressed endothelial cells (EC). MMP-2 has been associated with arterial stiffness hypertension African Americans (AA). While exercise improves biomarkers of dysfunction AA pre-hypertension hypertension, the mechanism(s) related to exercise-induced improvements EC health activity unknown. PURPOSE: To determine extent activity, its responsiveness a physiological...

Background MMP‐2 is a biomarker that has been associated with systolic hypertension and arterial stiffness African Americans (AA). Endothelial cells (EC) constitutively express MMP‐2, where it mediates extracellular matrix turnover, its dysfunction likely some role in vascular function. In small cohort of young AA Caucasian (CA) men, we have data showing an inverse moderate correlation between circulating carotid BP ( r =−0.555), aortic =−0.509) n =14) no relationship CA (n=18). this...

Hypertension (now defined by systolic blood pressure/diastolic pressure [SBP/DBP] greater than 130/90 mmHg), is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders and a critical public health economic concern. African Americans have greatest burden hypertension elucidating causes this racial disparity important for amending developing effective treatment strategies. Although studies provided mechanistic insight concerning characteristics endothelial dysfunction, which likely precedes in...

Background Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that targets the vascular endothelial cells and initiates a cascade of events leads to dysfunction. TNF‐induced activation NF‐κB MAP kinases increases expression adhesion molecules chemokines cause leukocytes recruitment consequently amplifying inflammation. Evidence suggests high laminar shear stress (HLSS) mitigates inflammation induces atheroprotective effects. Thus, purpose this preliminary study was investigate effect...

Background Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and pathophysiology atherosclerosis. P66 shc is an adaptor protein that acts as redox‐sensitive enzyme involved mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Upon cell activation, kinase C‐β 2 (PKC‐β ) mediates Ser 36 phosphorylation p66 , thereby allowing translocation from cytosol to mitochondria. Furthermore, we have shown African American (AA) cells display higher levels inflammation...

Background African Americans (AA) exhibit a higher prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and an exaggerated response to inflammatory cytokines compared Caucasian (CA). Endothelial is characterized by reduction in nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity ultimately lower production. Data obtained from bovine cells show that eNOS stimulus mediated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Additionally, PP2A associated with decrease the phosphorylation at Tyrosine 307 residue (p‐PP2A Y307 ). Therefore,...

MicroRNAs (miRs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. It is well documented exercise improves endothelial function, possibly, by modifying flow-responsive miR (e.g. miRs-126*, -92-a and -21). MiR-126* an anti-atherogenic regulates vascular integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation. Whereas, miR-92a -21 pro-atherogenic miRs result in a reduction nitic oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. MiR-92a targets the transcription factor Kruppel-like 4 (KLF4) leading to...

Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly exposed to hemodynamic shear stress that can influence vascular signaling. High laminar (HLSS), an exercise memetic, upregulates atheroprotective genes such as Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), whereas disturbed flow and oscillatory SS upregulate proatherogenic adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Micro-RNAs (miRs) small non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression. Current evidence has identified mechano- sensitive miRs shear-induced expression ultimately control...

Abstract Background: In the endothelium, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding to TNF receptor-I (TNFR-I) facilitates monocyte recruitment and consequently development of atherosclerosis. The prevalence inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, subclinical atherosclerosis is higher in African American (AA) population. This supported by vitro evidence demonstrating heightened inflammatory response atherogenic potential cells (ECs) from AA donors. Evidence suggests that high unidirectional laminar...

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Racial differences in the prevalence of hypertension and endothelial (dys)function are well established, yet research investigating mechanism(s) underlying this disparity is still lacking. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Investigate influence race effect serum collected from hypertensive donors on Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression activity human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) Caucasian (CA) African American (AA) donors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: HUVECs 3...

Background Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) adults exhibit a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to White (NHW) adults. Vascular oxidative stress may be one contributing factor in these racial disparities. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are primary contributors systemic and there documented disparities the PBMC-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, it is unclear if differences ROS associated with alterations mitochondrial function. Therefore,...