We present a successful replication of Ebbinghaus' classic forgetting curve from 1880 based on the method savings. One subject spent 70 hours learning lists and relearning them after 20 min, 1 hour, 9 hours, day, 2 days, or 31 days. The results are similar to original data. analyze effects serial position investigate what mathematical equations good fit Ebbinghaus its replications. conclude that has indeed been replicated it is not completely smooth but most probably shows jump upwards...

How does the brain respond to statements that clash with a person's value system? We recorded event-related potentials while respondents from contrasting political-ethical backgrounds completed an attitude survey on drugs, medical ethics, social conduct, and other issues. Our results show value-based disagreement is unlocked by language extremely rapidly, within 200 250 ms after first word indicates reader's system (e.g., “I think euthanasia acceptable/unacceptable…”). Furthermore, strong...

Abstract It has been suggested that hippocampal mode shifting between a storage and retrieval state might be under the control of acetylcholine (ACh) levels, as set by an autoregulatory hippocampo‐septo‐hippocampal loop. The present study investigates how such mechanism operate in large‐scale connectionist model this circuitry takes into account major subdivisions, oscillatory population dynamics time scale on which ACh exerts its effects hippocampus. assumes is regulated novelty signal...

Memory loss in retrograde amnesia has long been held to be larger for recent periods than remote periods, a pattern usually referred as the Ribot gradient.One explanation this gradient is consolidation of long-term memories.Several computational models such process have shown how can explain characteristics amnesia, but they not elucidated must envisaged.Here findings are reviewed that shed light on may implemented brain.Moreover, contrasted with alternative theories gradient.Consolidation...

Abstract The reminiscence bump is the effect that people recall more personal events from early adulthood than childhood or adulthood. has been examined extensively. However, question of whether caused by differential encoding re-sampling still unanswered. To examine this issue, participants were asked to name their three favourite books, movies, and records. Furthermore, they when first encountered them. We compared temporal distributions found all showed recency effects bumps. distribution...

Introduction: To facilitate large-scale assessment of a variety cognitive abilities in clinical studies, we developed self-administered online neuropsychological test battery: the Amsterdam Cognition Scan (ACS). The current studies evaluate group adult cancer patients: test–retest reliability ACS and influence setting (home or hospital), relationship between our traditional battery (concurrent validity). Method: Test–retest was studied 96 patients (57 female; Mage = 51.8 years) who completed...

As aging is associated with cognitive decline, particularly in the executive functions, it essential to effectively improve cognition older adults. Online training currently a popular, though controversial method. Although some changes seem possible adults through training, far transfer, and longitudinal maintenance are rarely seen. Based on previous literature we created unique, state-of-the-art intervention study by incorporating frequent sessions flexible, novel, adaptive tasks, along an...

A model of amnesia is introduced, called TraceLink, that consists three systems: 1) a trace system (neocortex), 2) link (hippocampus), and 3) modulatory (hippocampus/fornix/basal forebrain). It aims to explain salient aspects the neuropsychology amnesia, such as Ribot gradients in retrograde patterns dissociation between anterograde recovery from newly discovered form (semantic dementia) results certain temporal lobe lesions do not affect hippocampus. The model, furthermore, offers new...

We investigated the age distribution of autobiographical memories with Galton-Crovitz method through Internet. Almost 2000 participants in United States and Netherlands aged between 11 70 years participated. They were presented 10 cue words, asked to recall date memories. found strong evidence for a "reminiscence bump" all participant groups at ages, peaks ages 15--18 men 13--14 women. This peak could be localised more precisely than previous studies due our large sample size. able remove...

People tend to recall a disproportionately large number of personal events from their adolescence and early adulthood. This "reminiscence bump" has been examined extensively, but its causes remain unclear. In this Internet-based experiment, nearly 3,500 participants were given 10 cue words asked describe the that came mind. Furthermore, they date each event indicate whether it was first-time experience. Finally, rate strength emotional reaction or valence importance event. Surprisingly,...

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is generally considered effective against depression, it remains controversial because of its association with retrograde memory loss. Here, we assessed after ECT in circumstances most likely to yield strong amnesia. A cohort patients undergoing for major depression was tested before and ECT, again at 3-months follow-up. Included were 21 scheduled undergo bilateral severe 135 controls matched gender, age, education, media consumption. Two tests used:...

In the Advanced Neuropsychological Diagnostics Infrastructure (ANDI), datasets of several research groups are combined into a single database, containing scores on neuropsychological tests from healthy participants. For most popular quantity, and range these data surpasses that traditional normative data, thereby enabling more accurate assessment. Because unique structure it facilitates comparison methods were not feasible before, in particular those which entire profiles evaluated. this...

Background Brain training is currently widely used in an attempt to improve cognitive functioning. Computer-based can be performed at home and could therefore effective add-on available rehabilitation programs aimed improving Several studies have reported improvements after computer training, but most lacked proper active passive control conditions. Objective Our aim was investigate whether computer-based flexibility improves executive functioning stroke. We also conducted within-group...

Abstract Web applications can implement procedures for studying the speed of mental processes (mental chronometry) and be administered via web browsers on most commodity desktops, laptops, smartphones, tablets. This approach to conducting chronometry offers various opportunities, such as increased scale, ease data collection, access specific samples. However, validity reliability may threatened by less accurate timing than specialized software hardware offer. We examined how accurately time...

We investigated the relationship between cognitive functioning, work performance, and sleep in non-clinical burnout. In a working population, an online survey was conducted with additional neuropsychological tests of varying complexity, measuring attention different components memory, which coordinating subcomponent 'Central Executive' is thought to be most vulnerable stress. Results indicate that burnout associated more-though not severe-sleep problems, more depressive complaints, impaired...