A5038710403- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Climate variability and models
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Climate change and permafrost
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Biomedical and Engineering Education
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Cryospheric studies and observations
Met Office
2016-2025
University of Reading
2016
King's College London
2012-2016
Aberystwyth University
2003
University of Wales
2003
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2003
Duke University
1997
Abstract. This manuscript describes the energy and water components of a new community land surface model called Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). is developed from Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme (MOSES). It can be used as stand alone driven by observed forcing data, or coupled to an atmospheric global circulation model. The JULES has been Unified Model (UM) such provides unique opportunity for research contribute their improve both world-leading operational weather...
Abstract. The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) is a process-based model that simulates the fluxes of carbon, water, energy and momentum between land surface atmosphere. Many studies have demonstrated important role in functioning Earth System. Different versions JULES been employed to quantify effects on carbon sink climate change, increasing atmospheric dioxide concentrations, changing aerosols tropospheric ozone, response methane emissions from wetlands change. This paper...
Abstract The WFDEI meteorological forcing data set has been generated using the same methodology as widely used WATCH Forcing Data (WFD) by making use of ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. We discuss specifics how changes in and processing have led to improvement over WFD. attribute improvements precipitation wind speed latest basis improved downward shortwave fluxes aerosol corrections. Covering 1979–2012, will allow more thorough comparisons hydrological Earth System model outputs with...
Abstract. We describe the HadGEM2 family of climate configurations Met Office Unified Model, MetUM. The concept a model "family" comprises range specific incorporating different levels complexity but with common physical framework. includes atmosphere and ocean components, without vertical extension to include well-resolved stratosphere, an Earth-System (ES) component which dynamic vegetation, biology atmospheric chemistry. improvements designed address systematic errors encountered in...
Abstract The Water and Global Change (WATCH) project evaluation of the terrestrial water cycle involves using land surface models general hydrological to assess hydrologically important variables including evaporation, soil moisture, runoff. Such require meteorological forcing data, this paper describes creation WATCH Forcing Data for 1958–2001 based on 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) 1901–57 reordered reanalysis data. It also discusses analyses model-independent estimates reference crop...
Urbanisation is estimated to result in 6 billion urban dwellers by 2050. Cities will be exposed climate change from greenhouse gas induced radiative forcing, and localised effects urbanisation such as the heat island. An land‐surface model has been included HadAM3 Global Climate Model. It shows that regions of high population growth coincide with island potential, most notably Middle East, Indian sub‐continent, East Africa. capacity modify climatic potential for islands, increases 30% some...
Abstract Six land surface models and five global hydrological participate in a model intercomparison project [Water Model Intercomparison Project (WaterMIP)], which for the first time compares simulation results of these different classes consistent way. In this paper, setup is described aspects multimodel terrestrial water balance are presented. All were run at 0.5° spatial resolution areas 15-yr period (1985–99) using newly developed meteorological dataset. Simulated evapotranspiration,...
Abstract A large number of urban surface energy balance models now exist with different assumptions about the important features and exchange processes that need to be incorporated. To date, no comparison these has been conducted; in contrast, for natural surfaces have compared extensively as part Project Intercomparison Land-surface Parameterization Schemes. Here, methods first results from an extensive international 33 are presented. The aim overall is understand complexity required model...
A land surface scheme that may be run with or without a tiled representation of subgrid heterogeneity and includes an implicit atmospheric coupling is described. Simulated average air temperatures diurnal temperature ranges in GCM using this model are compared climatology. Surface tiling not found to give clear improvement the simulated climate but offers more flexibility heterogeneous processes. Using same meteorological forcing offline simulations versions tiling, gives slightly lower...
Abstract Urban land surface schemes have been developed to model the distinct features of urban and associated energy exchange processes. These models for a range purposes make different assumptions related inclusion representation relevant Here, first results Phase 2 from an international comparison project evaluate 32 are presented. This is large‐scale systematic evaluation these models. In four stages, participants were given increasingly detailed information about site which fluxes...
Abstract The Protocol for the Analysis of Land Surface Models (PALS) Model Benchmarking Evaluation Project (PLUMBER) was designed to be a land surface model (LSM) benchmarking intercomparison. Unlike traditional methods LSM evaluation or comparison, uses fundamentally different approach in that it sets expectations performance range metrics priori—before simulations are performed. This can lead very conclusions about performance. For this study, both simple physically based models and...
Abstract. We describe Global Atmosphere 3.0 (GA3.0): a configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) developed for use across climate research and weather prediction activities. GA3.0 has been formulated by converging development paths Office's global atmospheric model components such that wherever possible, processes are modelled or parametrized seamlessly spatial resolutions timescales. This unified process will provide its collaborators with regular releases evaluated, can hence...
In the last two decades substantial advances have been made in understanding of scientific basis urban climates. These are reviewed here with attention to sustainability cities, applications that use climate information, and relation measurements modelling. Consideration is given from street (micro) scale neighbourhood (local) city region (meso) scale. Those areas where improvements needed next decade ensure more sustainable cities identified. High-priority recommendations following six...
Abstract. This manuscript describes the energy and water components of a new community land surface model called Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). is developed from Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme (MOSES). It can be used as stand alone driven by observed forcing data, or coupled to an atmospheric global circulation model. The JULES has been Unified Model (UM) such provides opportunity for research contribute their into world-leading operational weather forecasting climate...
Land surface models (LSMs) must accurately simulate observed energy and water fluxes during droughts in order to provide reliable estimates of future resources. We evaluated 8 different LSMs (14 model versions) for simulating evapotranspiration (ET) periods evaporative drought (Edrought) across six flux tower sites. Using an empirically defined Edrought threshold (a decline ET below the 15th percentile), we show that simulated 58 days per year, on average, sites, ∼3 times as many 20 d. The...
Abstract. Evaluating the models we use in prediction is important as it allows us to identify uncertainties well guiding priorities for model development. This paper describes a set of benchmark tests that designed quantify performance land surface used UK Hadley Centre General Circulation Model (JULES: Joint Land Environment Simulator). The are assess ability reproduce observed fluxes water and carbon at global regional spatial scale, on seasonal basis. Five datasets test model: dioxide...
Abstract The First International Urban Land Surface Model Comparison was designed to identify three aspects of the urban surface–atmosphere interactions: 1) dominant physical processes, 2) level complexity required model these, and 3) parameter requirements for such a model. Offline simulations from 32 land surface schemes, with varying complexity, contributed comparison. results were analyzed within framework classifications over four stages. show that following are important processes: i)...
The PALS Land sUrface Model Benchmarking Evaluation pRoject (PLUMBER) illustrated the value of prescribing a priori performance targets in model intercomparisons. It showed that turbulent energy flux predictions from different land surface models, at broad range tower sites using common evaluation metrics, was on average worse than relatively simple empirical models. For sensible heat fluxes, all models were outperformed by linear regression against downward shortwave radiation. latent flux,...
Abstract Accurately predicting weather and climate in cities is critical for safeguarding human health strengthening urban resilience. Multimodel evaluations can lead to model improvements; however, there have been no major intercomparisons of urban‐focussed land surface models over a decade. Here, Phase 1 the Urban‐PLUMBER project, we evaluate ability 30 simulate energy fluxes atmospheric meteorological air quality simulations. We establish minimum upper performance expectations...
Abstract A generalized coupling is proposed between atmospheric models and surface schemes (land ocean). set of input output variables defined for this purpose in such a way that it can be used by many current future models, including mosaic or tile schemes. The basic concept to pass from the lowest model level their relation corresponding fluxes scheme. scheme returns fluxes. In framework, there no need have detailed information about surface. Only result computations needed; namely,...
For an increasing number of applications, mesoscale modelling systems now aim to better represent urban areas. The complexity processes resolved by parametrization schemes varies with the application. concept fitness-for-purpose is therefore critical for both choice parametrizations and way in which scheme should be evaluated. A systematic objective model response analysis procedure (Multiobjective Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (MOSCEM) algorithm) used assess fitness single-layer...
An overview of initiatives that are a part the Global Land Atmosphere System Study (GLASS), which has ushered in an era land surface models (LSM) for numerical weather and climate prediction now incorporate complex vegetation responses, detailed hydrology, dynamic snowpack evolution, urban processes, more, is presented. A critical goal GLASS to expand from uncoupled point-based (PILPS) globally based (GSWP) evaluations include simulations fully coupled with atmosphere. includes Soil Wetness...