A5021741188- Climate variability and models
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Energy Load and Power Forecasting
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Acute Kidney Injury Research
- Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2016-2025
U.S. National Science Foundation
2024
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
2023
Microscale (United States)
2008-2022
Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorology Laboratory
2022
University of California, San Diego
2020-2021
Old Dominion University
2021
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2020
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction
2020
NOAA Environmental Modeling Center
2020
Abstract Since its initial release in 2000, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model has become one of world’s most widely used numerical weather prediction models. Designed to serve both research operational needs, it grown offer a spectrum options capabilities for wide range applications. In addition, underlies number tailored systems that address Earth system modeling beyond weather. While WRF centralized support effort, truly community model, driven by developments contributions...
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) tighten chromatin structure and repress gene expression through the removal of acetyl groups from histone tails. The class I HDACs, HDAC1 HDAC2, are expressed ubiquitously, but their potential roles in tissue-specific organogenesis have not been defined. To explore functions HDAC2 vivo, we generated mice with conditional null alleles both genes. Whereas global deletion results death by embryonic day 9.5, lacking survive until perinatal period, when they succumb...
The assumption of dynamically balanced flow allows one to completely encase the dynamics extratropical cyclones in a potential vorticity (PV) framework. This approach offers conceptually simple interpretation because PV is conserved quantity (in absence heating and friction) from which itself can be deduced (the property invertibility). conservation law identify developments significantly influenced by friction, invertibility used quantitatively measure such effects. We develop diagnostic...
Abstract A recently developed method of defining rain areas for the purpose verifying precipitation produced by numerical weather prediction models is described. Precipitation objects are defined in both forecasts and observations based on a convolution (smoothing) thresholding procedure. In an application new verification approach, Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model evaluated 22-km grid covering continental United States during July–August 2001. Observed rainfall derived from stage-IV...
Abstract Real-time forecasts of five landfalling Atlantic hurricanes during 2005 using the Advanced Research Weather and Forecasting (WRF) (ARW) Model at grid spacings 12 4 km revealed performance generally competitive with, occasionally superior to, other operational for storm position intensity. Recurring errors include 1) excessive intensification prior to landfall, 2) insufficient momentum exchange with surface, 3) inability capture rapid when observed. To address these several...
Abstract Herein, a summary of the authors’ experiences with 36-h real-time explicit (4 km) convective forecasts Advanced Research Weather and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) during 2003–05 spring summer seasons is presented. These are compared to guidance obtained from 12-km operational Eta Model, which employed parameterization (e.g., Betts–Miller–Janjić). The results suggest significant value added for high-resolution in representing system mode squall lines, bow echoes, mesoscale vortices) as...
A high-resolution (3-km horizontal grid spacing) near-cloud-resolving numerical simulation of the formation Hurricane Diana (1984) is used to examine contribution deep convective processes tropical cyclone formation. This study focused on 3-km spacing because this was previously found furnish an accurate forecast later stages observed storm life cycle. The reveals presence vortical hot towers, or cores cumulonimbus convection possessing strong vertical vorticity, that arise from...
Abstract The performance of daily convection forecasts from 13 May to 9 July 2003 using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is investigated. Although 10‐km grid spacing parameterized are not lacking in prediction convective rainfall, fully explicit with a 4‐km more often predict identifiable mesoscale systems (MCSs) that correspond observed time space. Furthermore, accurately number MCSs type organization (termed system mode ). treatment NWP does necessarily provide better point...
ABSTRACT. Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic agent that used to treat many human malignancies. Unfortunately, in addition side effects such as ototoxicity, anaphylaxis, and bone marrow suppression, significant percentage of patients receiving cisplatin develop severe nephrotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated via the generation reactive oxygen species has been implicated pathogenesis cisplatin-induced renal injury. To address mechanism, it was hypothesized overexpression...
The treatment of the potential vorticity (PV) distribution as a composite individual perturbations is central to diagnostic and conceptual utility PV. Nonlinearity in inversion operator for Ertel's renders quantitative piecewise (inversion portions field) ambiguous. Several methods are compared idealized observed anomalies varying strengths. Even Rossby number balanced solutions increases well past unity, relative differences among more plausible do not increase significantly near anomaly....
Abstract The authors develop and apply an algorithm to define coherent areas of precipitation, emphasizing mesoscale convection, compare properties these with observations obtained from NCEP stage-IV precipitation analyses (gauge radar combined). In Part II, fully explicit 12–36-h forecasts rainfall the Weather Research Forecasting model (WRF) are evaluated. These integrated on a 4-km mesh without cumulus parameterization. Rain defined similarly I, but emphasize more intense, smaller areas....
Abstract The authors use a procedure called the method for object-based diagnostic evaluation, commonly referred to as MODE, compare forecasts made from two models representing separate cores of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during 2005 National Severe Storms Laboratory Storm Prediction Center Spring Program. Both models, Advanced WRF (ARW) Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM), were run without traditional cumulus parameterization scheme on horizontal grid lengths 4 km 4.5...
Abstract This study documents the global distribution and characteristics of diurnally varying low-level jets (LLJs), including their horizontal, vertical, temporal structure, with a special emphasis on highlighting underlying commonalities unique qualities various nocturnal jets. Two tools are developed to accomplish this goal. The first is 21-yr reanalysis performed fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) using horizontal grid spacing 40 km. A...
The zinc-finger transcription factors GATA4 and GATA6 play critical roles in embryonic development. Mouse embryos lacking die at day (E) 8.5 because of failure ventral foregut closure cardiac bifida, whereas is essential for development the visceral endoderm. Although mice that are heterozygous either a or null allele normal, we show compound heterozygosity results lethality by E13.5 accompanied spectrum cardiovascular defects, including thin-walled myocardium, ventricular aortopulmonary...
By combining traditional sensitivity studies with techniques that focus on the conservation and invertibility properties of Ertel's potential vorticity (PV), we illustrate effect latent heating structure evolution three simulated extratropical cyclones. The cases include one continental cyclone development (15 December 1987), which examine extensively, two cyclones over western Atlantic Ocean (6 January 1983 5 1985) somewhat greater intensity, are diagnosed to assess generality our findings...
The Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX) is a research investigation using highly mobile platforms to examine the life cycles of mesoscale convective systems. It represents combination two related investigations study (a) bow echoes, principally those that produce damaging surface winds last at least 4 h, (b) larger systems long-lived vortices (MCVs). field phase BAMEX utilized three instrumented aircraft an array ground-based instruments. Two long-range turboprop were...
The principal hypotheses of a new model tropical cyclogenesis, known as the marsupial paradigm, were tested in context Atlantic disturbances during National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored Pre-Depression Investigation Cloud Systems Tropics (PREDICT) experiment 2010. PREDICT was part tri-agency collaboration, along with Aeronautics and Space Administration's Genesis Rapid Intensification Processes (NASA GRIP) Oceanic Atmospheric Intensity Forecasting Experiment (NOAA IFEX), intended to...
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, ColoradoCORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Richard Rotunno, NCAR, RO. Box 3000, CO 80307-3000, E-mail: rotunno@ucar.edu
Extratropical transition (ET) is the process by which a tropical cyclone, upon encountering baroclinic environment and reduced sea surface temperature at higher latitudes, transforms into an extratropical cyclone. This influenced by, influences, phenomena from tropics to midlatitudes meso- planetary scales extents that vary between individual events. Motivated in part recent high-impact and/or extensively observed events such as North Atlantic Hurricane Sandy 2012 western Pacific Typhoon...
Abstract In recent years, global weather forecast models and climate have begun to depict intense tropical cyclones, even up category 5 on the Saffir‐Simpson scale. light of limitation horizontal resolution in such models, author performs calculations, using extended Best Track data for Atlantic estimate ability with differing grid spacing represent cyclone intensity statistically. Results indicate that, under optimistic assumptions, one fourth degree or coarser should not produce a...
Abstract Hurricane Sandy's landfall along the New Jersey shoreline at 2330 UTC 29 October 2012 produced a catastrophic storm surge stretching from to Rhode Island that contributed damage in excess of $50 billion—the sixth costliest U.S. tropical cyclone on record since 1900—and directly caused 72 fatalities. life cycle was marked by two upper-level trough interactions while it moved northward over western North Atlantic 26–29 October. During second interaction October, Sandy turned...
Abstract A large-domain explicit convection simulation is used to investigate the life cycle of nocturnal for a one-week period successive zonally propagating heavy precipitation episodes occurring over central United States. Similar climatological studies phase-coherent warm-season convection, longest-lived initiate during late afternoon western Great Plains (105°–100°W), reach their greatest intensity at night (100°–95°W), and typically weaken around or slightly after sunrise Midwest...
The dynamics of a cyclone development over the midwestern United States on 15 December 1987 are investigated with focus relationship between structure and condensational heating. Low-level cyclogenesis is initiated by large-amplitude tropopause perturbation that develops western North America. Using potential-vorticity (PV) inversion diagnostics, we show how near-surface winds associated this upper disturbance create localized, warm, thermal anomaly within surface baroclinic zone....
Previous idealized simulations of convective systems have demonstrated that the development mesoscale vortices within quasi-linear may be a natural consequence finite extent line, as horizontal vorticity is tilted into vertical at line ends. However, source this has not yet been clearly established, either being associated with ambient shear or else generated system. In paper, results are presented from series demonstrate source, strength, and scale these depends on strength wind shear,...