Single cells were recorded with 'tetrodes' in regions of the rat medial prefrontal cortex, including those which are targets hippocampal afferents, while rats performing three different behavioral tasks: (i) an eight-arm radial maze, spatial working memory task, (ii) a figure-eight track, delayed alternation and (iii) random food search task square chamber. Among 187 units, very few exhibited any evidence place-specific firing on tasks, except to extent that locations related distinct phases...

Decades of hippocampal neurophysiology research have linked the theta rhythm to voluntary movement. A consistent observation has been a robust correlation between amplitude (or power) and frequency running speed. Recently, however, it suggested that acceleration, not speed, is dominating influence on frequency. There an inherent interdependence among these two variables, as acceleration rate change in velocity. Therefore, we investigated local-field potential recorded from stratum...

Oscillations in the hippocampal local field potential at theta and gamma frequencies are prominent during awake behavior have demonstrated several behavioral correlates. Both oscillations been observed to increase amplitude frequency as a function of running speed. Previous investigations, however, examined relationship between speed each these oscillation bands separately. Based on energy cascade models where "…perturbations slow cause dissipation all scales" (Buzsaki G. Rhythms Brain,...

Local field potential (LFP) oscillations are primarily shaped by the superposition of postsynaptic currents. Hippocampal LFP in 25- to 50-Hz range ("slow γ") proposed support memory retrieval independent other frequencies. However, θ harmonics extend up 48 Hz, necessitating a study determine whether these fundamentally same. We compared spectral analysis methods wavelet, ensemble empirical-mode decomposition (EEMD), and Fourier transform. EEMD, as previously applied, failed account for...

The application of intracerebroventricular injection streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) is considered a useful animal model to mimic the onset and progression sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD). In rodents, on day 7 experiment, animals exhibit depression-like behaviors. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing conversion tryptophan (Trp) kynurenine (Kyn), closely related depression AD. present study aimed investigate pathophysiological mechanisms preliminary behaviors in...

Wave gliders as innovative autonomous ocean-going vehicles harvest the abundant marine natural energy for persistent ocean environment monitoring. This paper analyzes wave glider’s operating mechanism and builds dynamic model of glider. By simplifying into 3 DOS in longitudinal plane selecting three generalized velocity, kinematic equations force can be confirmed. Then, based on equation Kane vector operation modeling method, explicit kinetic glider is presented. According to simulation...

Mesoscale cortical activity can be defined as the organization of large neuron populations into collective action, forming time-dependent patterns such traveling waves. Although action may play an important role in cross-scale integration brain and emergence cognitive behavior, a comprehensive formulation laws governing its dynamics is still lacking. Because processes are macroscopic with respect to neuronal activity, these cannot described directly methods models developed for microscale...

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by widespread demyelination caused galactocerebrosidase defects. Changes in GLD pathogenesis occurring at the molecular level have been poorly studied human-derived neural cells. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are novel model for studying mechanisms and allow generation of patient-derived neuronal dish.In this study, we identified gene-expression changes iPSCs iPSC-derived...

Chronic stress has been considered to induce depressive symptoms, such as anhedonia, particularly in susceptible individuals. Synaptic plasticity the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is closely associated with susceptibility or resilience chronic stress-induced anhedonia. However, effects of different durations on neurobiological mechanisms that underlie anhedonia remain unclear. The present study investigated mild (CMS) for 14, 21, and 35 d anhedonia-like behavior glutamate synapses PFC. We found...

Abstract Background Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that projects throughout the central nervous system, including noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC). Our previous study suggested MCH/MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) in LC may be involved regulation of depression. The present investigated whether role MCH/MCHR1 depression-like behaviors associated with norepinephrine. Method Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and an acute intra-LC microinjection MCH induced rats....

Hippocampal theta and gamma rhythms are hypothesized to play a role in the physiology of higher cognition. Prior research has reported that an offset cycles between entorhinal cortex, CA3, CA1 regions promotes independence population activity across hippocampus. In line with this idea, it recently been observed pyramidal cells can establish maintain coordinated place cell intrinsically, minimal reliance on afferent input. Counter these observations is contemporary hypothesis neuron driven by...

Abstract Cross-frequency coupling in the hippocampus has been hypothesized to support higher-cognition functions. While gamma modulation by theta is widely accepted, evidence of phase-coupling between two frequency components so far unconvincing. Our observations show that and energy increases with rat speed, while overall nonlinearity LFP trace also increases, suggesting flow fundamental for hippocampal dynamics. This contradicts current representations based on Kuramoto phase model....

Although the activity from dentate gyrus is known to have strong connections with other hippocampal layers, functionality of these connections, that is, degree which it drives in downstream regions hippocampus, not well understood. This question particularly relevant for mesoscale localfield potential (LFP) rhythms such as gamma oscillations. Following hypothesis fundamental features LFP are consistent turbulent dynamics, we investigate crosslayer relationship between CA1 layers and a...

This paper focuses on flow boiling performance of a type Ω-shaped re-entrant porous microchannels for efficient thermal management high heat-flux devices. The porous-based are totally constructed by sintered irregular shaped copper powders that featured microchannel walls with structured surface. Flow experiments conducted utilizing two coolants (deionized water and ethanol) at inlet subcoolings 10 °C 40 °C, mass fluxes 125-300 kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Wave glider harvests the abundant ocean wave energy for long term cruising due to its particular two-part architecture. Its submerged part named converts vertical fluctuation of waves horizontally forward propulsion. Because uncertainty condition and irregularity motion, design parameters vary in a confined range state art models. In order indicate hydrodynamic characteristics summarize dynamic law with different parameters, this paper concentrates on three critical details: profile wings,...

The application of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) is widespread with the development activities in deep sea. For low energy consumption, resistance and excellent maneuverability, fins are usually used to modify AUV hydrodynamic forces. can do gyratory motion by vertical diving rising horizontal fins. However, modeling control have not been solved well, which this paper concentrates on. Firstly, we build equation six degree freedom analyze forces coefficients detail, especially fin...

Theta oscillations in the primary visual cortex (VC) have been observed during running tasks, but mechanism behind their generation is not well understood. Some studies suggested that theta VC locally generated, while others proposed it volume conducted from hippocampus. The present study aimed to investigate relationship between hippocampal and LFP dynamics. Analysis of power spectral density revealed was similar hippocampus, with lower overall magnitude. As velocity increased, both...