A5009171917- Plant and animal studies
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
- Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Echinoderm biology and ecology
- Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology
2023-2025
Max Planck Institute for Biology
2023-2025
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2014-2022
Station Biologique de Roscoff
2019-2022
Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins
2022
Sorbonne Université
2020-2022
University of Lausanne
2014-2021
Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins
2019
Université Paris-Sud
2014
Université d'Angers
2013
SUMMARY Sex chromosomes fall into three classes: XX/XY, ZW/ZZ and U/V systems. The rise, evolution demise of systems have remained enigmatic to date. Here, we analyze genomes spanning the entire brown algal phylogeny decipher their sex-determination evolutionary history. birth sex evolved more than 250 million years ago, when a pivotal male-determinant located in discrete region proto-U proto-V ceased recombining. Over time, nested inversions led step-wise expansions, accompanying increasing...
Co-sexuality has evolved repeatedly from unisexual (dioicous) ancestors across a wide range of taxa. However, the molecular changes underpinning this important transition remain unknown, particularly in organisms with haploid sexual systems such as bryophytes, red algae and brown algae. Here we explore four independent events emergence co-sexuality algal clades to examine nature, evolution degree convergence gene expression that accompany breakdown dioicy. The amounts male versus female...
Sexual reproduction is widespread, but asexual lineages have repeatedly arisen from sexual ancestors across a wide range of eukaryotic taxa. The molecular changes underpinning the switch to asexuality remain elusive, particularly in organisms with haploid systems. Here we explore independent events loss sex brown alga Scytosiphon, examine proximate and evolutionary mechanisms involved, test importance conflict on gene expression following sex. We find that females ('Amazons') lose ability...
Floral bilateral symmetry (zygomorphy) has evolved several times independently in angiosperms from radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) ancestral states. Homologs of the Antirrhinum majus Cycloidea gene (Cyc) have been shown to control floral diverse groups core eudicots. In basal eudicot family Ranunculaceae, there is a single evolutionary transition actinomorphy zygomorphy stem lineage tribe Delphinieae. We characterized Cyc homologs 18 genera including four Delphinieae, sampling that...
Sexual dimorphism in morphology, physiology or life history traits is common dioecious plants at reproductive maturity, but it typically inconspicuous absent juveniles. Although of different sexes probably begin to diverge gene expression both before their reproduction commences and becomes readily apparent, our knowledge transcriptome-wide differential has yet be demonstrated for any angiosperm species.The present study documents differences above- below-ground tissues early...
In many multicellular organisms, sexual development is not determined by XX/XY or ZW/ZZ systems but U/V sex chromosomes. systems, determination occurs in the haploid phase, with U chromosomes females and V males. Here, we explore several male, female, partially sex-reversed male lines of giant kelp to decipher how autosomes initiate versus female development. We identify a key set genes on involved triggering characterize autosomal effector underlying differentiation. show that involves...
Dioecious plants vary in whether their sex chromosomes are heteromorphic or homomorphic, but even homomorphic may show divergence between homologues the non-recombining, sex-determining region (SDR). Very little is known about SDR of these species, which might represent particularly early stages sex-chromosome evolution. Here, we assess size and content diploid dioecious herb Mercurialis annua, a species with mild Y-chromosome degeneration. We used RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to identify new...
Abstract In many eukaryotes, such as dioicous mosses and algae, sex is determined by UV chromosomes expressed during the haploid phase of life cycle. these species, male female developmental programs are initiated presence U- or V-specific regions but, in XY ZW systems, sexual differentiation largely driven autosomal sex-biased gene expression. The mechanisms underlying regulation expression genes remain elusive. Here, we investigated extent nature epigenomic changes associated with brown...
Macroalgal (seaweed) genomic resources are generally lacking as compared with other eukaryotic taxa, and this is particularly true in the red algae (Rhodophyta). Understanding algal genomes critical to understanding evolution given that genes spread across lineages from secondary endosymbiosis diverged early Archaeplastids. The Gracilariales a highly diverse widely distributed order including species can serve ecosystem engineers intertidal habitats several notorious introduced species....
Summary In many multicellular organisms, sexual development is not determined by XX/XY or ZW/ZZ systems but U/V sex chromosomes. systems, determination occurs in the haploid phase, with U chromosomes females and V males. Here, we explore several male, female partially sex-reversed male lines of giant kelp to decipher how autosomes initiate versus development. We identify a key set genes on involved triggering development, characterise autosomal effector underlying differentiation. show that...
Premise Plants with separate sexes often show “inconstant” or “leaky” sex expression, females males producing a few flowers of the opposite sex. The frequency and degree such inconstancy may reflect residual hermaphroditic allocation after an evolutionary transition from combined to sexes. Sex also represents possible first step in breakdown dioecy back hermaphroditism. In Mercurialis annua (Euphorbiaceae) species complex, monoecy androdioecy have evolved polyploid populations. Here, we...
Abstract In dioecious plants, males and females frequently show ‘leaky’ sex expression, with individuals occasionally producing flowers of the opposite sex. This leaky expression may have enabled colonization oceanic islands by plant species, it is likely to represent sort variation upon which selection acts bring about evolutionary transitions from dioecy hermaphroditism. Although leakiness commonly reported for not known whether has plastic component. The question interesting because or an...
Summary In UV sexual systems, sex is determined during the haploid phase of life cycle and males have a V chromosome whereas females U chromosome. Previous work in brown alga Ectocarpus revealed that has dominant role male determination suggested female developmental programme may occur by ‘default’. Here, we describe identification genetically giant kelp strain presenting phenotypic features typical female, despite lacking U‐specific region. The conversion to however incomplete, because...
Background: Sex chromosomes in red algae have remained relatively understudied, despite their fundamental role understanding the evolution of sex determination across eukaryotes. In this study, we investigate structure, gene composition, and evolutionary history U V four Gracilaria species, which diverged approximately 100 million years ago (MYA). Results: Our findings reveal that UV chromosomes, previously identified green brown as well bryophytes, also evolved algae, contributing to...
The suppression of recombination during sex-chromosome evolution is thought to be favoured by linkage between the sex-determining locus and sexually antagonistic loci, leads degeneration chromosome restricted heterogametic sex. Despite substantial evidence for genetic at sequence level, phenotypic effects earliest stages are poorly known. Here, we compare morphology, viability fertility XY YY individuals produced crossing seed-producing males in dioecious plant Mercurialis annua, which has...
Many dioecious plants have sex chromosomes that are cytologically heteromorphic, but about half of species lack cytological differences between males and females thus homomorphic. Very little is known the size content non-recombining sex-determining region (SDR) in these species. Here, we assess SDR diploid herb Mercurialis annua, which has homomorphic shows signatures mild Y-chromosome degeneration. We used RNAseq to identify new Y-linked markers for M. annua. Twelve 24 transcripts with...
Summary In UV sexual systems, sex is determined during the haploid phase of life cycle and males have a V chromosome whereas females U chromosome. Previous work in brown algal model Ectocarpus revealed that has dominant role male determination suggested female developmental program may occur by ‘default’, triggered absence master gene(s). Here, we describe identification genetically giant kelp strain presenting phenotypic features typical female, despite lacking U-specific region. The...
Abstract Phenotypic plasticity is almost ubiquitous across the tree of life, but clear demonstrations that it adaptive are rare. In dioecious plants, males and females frequently show ‘leaky’ sex expression, with individuals occasionally producing flowers opposite sex. Here, we demonstrate leaky expression in wind-pollinated herb Mercurialis annua plastically responsive to its mating context. We compared experimental populations growing either or without males. Females absence were leakier...
Abstract Evolutionary transitions from hermaphroditism to dioecy have been frequent in flowering plants, but recent analysis indicates that reversions also common. Here, we use experimental evolution expose a mechanism for such reversions. We removed males dioecious populations of the wind-pollinated plant Mercurialis annua and allowed natural selection act on remaining females varied their propensity occasional production male flowers; ‘leaky’ sex expression is common both plants. Over only...
Summary The suppression of recombination during sex-chromosome evolution is thought to be favoured by linkage between the sex-determining locus and sexually-antagonistic loci, leads degeneration chromosome restricted heterogametic sex. Despite substantial evidence for genetic at sequence level, phenotypic effects earliest stages are poorly known. Here, we compare morphology, viability fertility XY YY individuals produced crossing seed-producing males in dioecious plant Mercurialis annua L.,...
Summary In many eukaryotes, such as dioicous mosses and algae, sex is determined by UV chromosomes expressed during the haploid phase of life cycle. these species, male female developmental programs are initiated presence U- or V-specific regions but, in XY ZW systems, phenotypic differentiation largely driven autosomal sex-biased gene expression. The mechanisms underlying transcription XY, sexual systems currently remain elusive. Here, we set out to understand extent nature epigenomic...