Motor reaction times in humans are highly variable from one trial to the next, even for simple and automatic tasks, such as shifting your gaze a suddenly appearing target. Although classic models of time generation consider this variability reflect intrinsic noise, some portion it could also be attributed ongoing neuronal processes. For example, variations alpha rhythm frequency (8–12 Hz) across individuals, or amplitude trials, have been related previously manual variability. Here we...

Camera-based eye trackers are the mainstay of movement research and countless practical applications tracking. Recently, a significant impact changes in pupil size on gaze position as measured by camera-based has been reported. In an attempt to improve understanding magnitude population-wise distribution pupil-size dependent shift reported position, we present first collection binocular drift measurements recorded from 39 subjects. The varied greatly between subjects (from 0.3 5.2 deg...

Abstract Perceptual systems must create discrete objects and events out of a continuous flow sensory information. Previous studies have demonstrated oscillatory effects in the behavioral outcome low-level visual tasks, suggesting cyclic nature processing as solution. To investigate whether these extend to more complex stream “neutral” photographic images (not containing targets) was rapidly presented (20 ms/image). Embedded were one or two presentations randomly selected target image...

Abstract Although sensory input is continuous, information must be combined over time to guide action and cognition, leading the proposal of temporal sampling windows. A number studies have suggested that a 10-Hz window might involved in “frame rate” visual processing. To investigate this, we tested ability participants localize enumerate 1 or 2 flashes presented either at near-threshold full-contrast intensities, while recording magnetoencephalography. The inter-stimulus interval (ISI)...

Visual processing is not instantaneous, but instead our conscious perception depends on the integration of sensory input over time. In case Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), masks are flashed to one eye, suppressing awareness stimuli presented other eye. One potential explanation CFS that it depends, at least in part, flashing mask continually interrupting visual before stimulus reaches awareness. We investigated temporal features two ways. First, we measured suppression effectiveness a...

Camera-based eye trackers are the mainstay of today's movement research and countless practical applications tracking. Recently, a significant impact changes in pupil size on accuracy camera-based during fixation has been reported [Wyatt 2010]. We compared pupil-size effect between scleral search coil based tracker (DNI) an up-to-date infrared (SR Research Eyelink 1000) by simultaneously recording human movements with both techniques. Between pupil-constricted pupil-relaxed conditions we...

Human observers are capable of detecting animals within novel natural scenes with remarkable speed and accuracy. Recent studies found human response times to be as fast 120 ms in a dual-presentation (2-AFC) setup (H. Kirchner & S. J. Thorpe, 2005). In most previous experiments, pairs randomly chosen images were presented, frequently from very different contexts (e.g., zebra Africa vs. the New York Skyline). Here, we tested effect background size contiguity on performance by using new,...

The human visual system must extract reliable object information from cluttered scenes several times per second, and this temporal constraint has been taken as evidence that the underlying cortical processing be strictly feedforward. Here we use a novel rapid reinforcement paradigm to probe dynamics of neural circuit shape perception thus test feedforward assumption. Our results show two stimuli are optimally reinforcing when separated in time by ∼60 ms, suggesting an recurrent with constant...

How vision guides gaze in realistic settings has been researched for decades. Human behavior is typically measured laboratory that are well controlled but feature-reduced and movement-constrained, sharp contrast to real-life control combines eye, head, body movements. Previous real-world research shown environmental factors such as terrain difficulty affect gaze; however, difficult or replicate. Virtual reality (VR) offers the experimental of a laboratory, yet approximates freedom visual...

Abstract Continuous flash suppression (CFS) has become one of the most popular tools in study visual processing absence conscious awareness. Studies use different kinds masks, like colorful Mondrians or random noise. Even though CFS is widespread, little known about some underlying neuronal mechanisms, such as interactions between masks and stimuli. We designed a b-CFS experiment with feature-reduced targets order to investigate possible effects feature-similarity -orthogonality targets....

The visual system has a remarkable ability to extract categorical information from complex natural scenes. In order elucidate the role of low-level image features for recognition objects in scenes, we recorded saccadic eye movements and event-related potentials (ERPs) two experiments, which human subjects had detect animals previously unseen images. We used new database (ANID) that is free some potential artifacts have plagued widely COREL Color grayscale images picked ANID databases were...

The study of how visual processing functions in the absence awareness has become a major research interest vision-science community. One main sources evidence that stimuli do not reach conscious awareness—and are thus "invisible"—are still processed to some degree by system comes from studies using continuous flash suppression (CFS). Why and CFS works may provide more general insight into access awareness. As spatial temporal properties determinants perception, we hypothesized these masks...

Abstract Age‐related variations in many regions and/or networks of the human brain have been uncovered using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, these findings did not account for dynamical effect brain's global activity (global signal [GS]) causes on local characteristics, which is measured by GS topography. To address this gap, we tested topography including its correlation with age a large‐scale cross‐sectional adult lifespan dataset ( n = 492). Both and...

The human visual system can quickly and efficiently extract categorical information from a complex natural scene. rapid detection of animals in scene is one compelling example this phenomenon, it suggests the automatic processing at least some types categories with little or no attentional requirements (Li et al., 2002;2005). aim study to investigate whether remarkable capability categorize scenes exist absence awareness, based on recent reports that "invisible" stimuli, which do not reach...

Sediment samples were collected from the deep sea adjacent to State of Sergipe (Northeastern Brazil) within framework Continental Slope Environmental Characterization Project (coordinated by PETROBRAS, Brazilian Petroleum Company S/A). These revealed a new species family Paramesochridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Kliopsyllus minor sp. nov. is smallest discovered in this genus, with body length 0.19 mm adult male. Furthermore, it one three registered so far. In almost all species, endopod P4...

Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973 is the third genus of Parabathynellidae to be discovered in India. A. operculata sp. n. shows three characters, which are unique within Parabathynellidae: fusion inner flagellum antennule with first segment outer flagellum, presence a single seta on lateral surface uropodal sympod, and conspicuous tubes labrum. also species an inhomonomous spine row sympod anal operculum almost reaching end furca. has Gondwanan distribution, being reported for time from Asia.

Countless aspects of visual processing are reflected in eye movements and analyzing during stimulation has become the methodology choice for many researchers vision science beyond. For decades, scleral searchcoil technique been considered “gold standard” terms precision signal to noise ratio, at cost pronounced setup overhead a certain degree invasiveness. On other hand, camera-based eyetrackers easy use non-invasive, yet, despite dramatic improvement last generation systems, they have known...

Abstract There is a debate about the systematic status of Leptobathynellidae Noodt, 1965. Are they highly specialized offshoot Parabathynellidae or do deserve separate familial status? The arguments for latter point view are critically evaluated and as result it suggested to merge with had already been done earlier. Separate would leave paraphyletic rest. probably most plesiomorphic species within Bathynellidae Baicalobathynella magna (Bazikalova, 1954), which belongs first Bathynellacea...

Human observers are capable of detecting animals within novel natural scenes with remarkable speed and accuracy. Despite the seeming complexity such decisions it has been hypothesized that a simple global image feature, relative abundance high spatial frequencies at certain orientations, could underly fast classification (A. Torralba & A. Oliva, Network: Comput. Neural Syst., 2003). We successfully used linear discriminant analysis to classify set 11.000 images into “animal” “non-animal”...

A new species of Kliopsyllus (Paramesochridae) has been collected with a multicorer from the abyssal Angola Basin in 2000 (on DIVA-1 cruise, RV Meteor 48/1). schminkei sp. n. is second most abundant Kliopsyllus- and raises number valid members genus to 33. The placed because its typical segmentation setation swimming legs. K. unique within can be distinguished other by large apical pore on P5 baseoendopodal lobes male, length:width ratio furcal rami 9 10:1 both sexes, an exceptional length...

Early, feed-forward visual processing is organized in a retinotopic reference frame. In contrast, feature integration on longer time scales can involve object-based or spatiotopic coordinates. For example, the Ternus-Pikler (T-P) apparent motion display, object identity mapped across path. Here, we report evidence from three experiments supporting nonretinotopic even for most paradigmatic example of retinotopically-defined features: orientation. We presented observers with repeated series...

[A new species of Parabathynellidae is described from Madagascar. It shown to be a derived member the genus Notobathynella . There are two types 5-segmented antennnae in Parabathynellidae. One characteristic for Cteniobathynella -group genera, other found Parabathynella , Chilibathynella Hexabathynella and species, so that it excluded -group. Thoracopod VIII male makes approach lacks features but similar several respects (maxillule, maxilla, thoracopods I-VII, uropods, furca, anal...

Abstract Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS) has become one of the most popular tools in study visual processing absence conscious awareness. Studies use different kinds masks, like colorful Mondrians or random noise. Even though CFS is widespread, little known about some underlying neuronal mechanisms, such as interactions between masks and stimuli. We designed a b-CFS experiment with feature-reduced targets order to investigate possible effects feature-similarity -orthogonality targets....