We conducted a prospective, open-label study to delineate relationship between exposure and outcomes in 36 patients treated with cefepime. Twenty had documented Gram-negative infections. Timed blood urine samples were obtained at steady state determine pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic parameters. Microbiological success was significantly correlated the proportion of dosing interval that cefepime concentrations exceeded 4.3 × MIC. Our results support vitro data suggest bactericidal activity...

ABSTRACT Daptomycin is an investigational lipopeptide antibiotic active against gram-positive organisms. The mechanism of action unique, resulting in interference with cell membrane transport. bactericidal activity daptomycin was evaluated glycopeptide-intermediate susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (GISA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), and methicillin-resistant S. (MRSA) vitro infection model simulated endocardial vegetations. Simulated regimens at 6 mg/kg/day (D6) 10...

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in 36 patients with different levels renal function. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using samples obtained at steady state. Patients creatinine clearance (CL CR ) >100 ml/min had more rapid (CL) a lower minimum concentration serum ( C min ). this group was found to be 3.3 ± 3.6 mg/liter (mean standard deviation), compared 19.5 21.5 CL between 60 100 P = 0.025) 14.0 11.5 <60 0.009). Patient...

Synthesis and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane are fundamental to cellular life. Experimental evolution studies have hinted at unique physiology in Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus mitis S. oralis These organisms commonly cause bacteremia infectious endocarditis (IE) but rarely investigated mechanistic evolution. Unlike other pathogens, high-level (MIC ≥ 256 μg/ml) daptomycin resistance rapidly emerges after a single drug exposure. In this study, we found that inactivating mutations...

A pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for single intravenous doses of daptomycin 8 or 10 mg/kg in subjects aged 2 to 6 years. Proportional increases maximum plasma concentration (68.4 μg/mL, 79.2 μg/mL) and area under the curve (429.1 μg · h/mL, 549.7 h/mL) were observed each dose cohort, respectively. Half-life, clearance, distribution volume similar between groups. Both well tolerated.

Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, has broad activity against gram-positive organisms, similar to vancomycin; however, its mechanism of action differs, resulting in interference with cell membrane transport and more rapid bactericidal activity. In light increasing need for alternative treatments intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, there is revitalized interest this antibiotic. We, therefore, evaluated the daptomycin alone or combination an vitro infection model two glycopeptide...

ABSTRACT Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are part of the normal flora that may cause bacteremia, often leading to endocarditis. We evaluated daptomycin against four clinical strains VGS (MICs = 1 or 2 μg/ml) using an in vitro -simulated endocardial vegetation model, a simulated bacteremia and kill curves. Daptomycin exposure was at 6 mg/kg body weight 8 every 24 h for models. Total drug concentrations were used analyses containing protein (albumin pooled human serum), free (unbound) (93%...

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 has drastically affected healthcare globally and causes COVID-19, a disease that is associated with substantial morbidity mortality. We aim to describe rates pathogens involved in co-infection or subsequent infections their impact on clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients COVID-19. Methods Incidence of co-infections, infections, were analyzed multicenter observational cohort. Clinical compared between bacterial respiratory (BRC) those without. A...

Background: Pharmacy-to-dose (PTD) services describe an established practice where providers consult pharmacists for various medication dosing. In 2019, several institutions approved a daptomycin protocol, which allowed to select doses based on provider-selected indications, renal function, and body mass index (BMI). Objective: This study aims determine the utility of PTD service. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 4 community hospitals between July 19, 2019...

Background: Piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) demonstrates time-dependent bactericidal activity, potentially increasing the need for higher dosing in obese and critically ill patients. However, limited information is available on safety of strategies. Objective: To evaluate clinical impact high dose 6.75 g IV PTZ treatment pneumonia ill, (≥120 kg) patients vs standard 4.5 PTZ. Methods: Retrospective, cohort study, multicenter health-system consisting four acute-care teaching hospitals. Adult...

Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. resistance common in clinical isolates of the pathogen Enterococcus faecium .

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic active against multidrug-resistant gram-positive organisms. Our search of the literature found no published pediatric pharmacokinetic data. We report use and analysis daptomycin in 13-year-old boy with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium endocarditis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were to be significantly different from adult parameters, such as faster elimination rate, shorter half-life, increased clearance. These age-related differences profile...

The viridans group streptococci (VGS) are a large consortium of commensal that colonize the human body. Many species within this opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE), yet little is known about why some strains cause invasive disease. Identification virulence determinants complicated by difficulty distinguishing between closely related group. Here, we analyzed genomic data from VGS were isolated blood cultures in patients with infections oral swabs...

Study Objective . To compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of linezolid, levofloxacin, and vancomycin against clinical strains Streptococcus pneumoniae , including vancomycin‐tolerant fluoroquinolone‐resistant isolates. Design In vitro model. Setting Biosafety level 2, university research laboratory. Bacterial Strains Ciprofloxacin‐susceptible (79), ciprofloxacin‐resistant (R921), (P9802–020) S. pneumoniae. Intervention An in model was used to simulate standard dosing regimens isolates 79,...

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A retrospective evaluation was conducted to determine which children admitted for fever and neutropenia required empiric vancomycin therapy, develop a clinical pathway appropriate treatment. Chart review identified 109 admissions of 36 pediatric oncology patients neutropenia, 88 were eligible analysis. Blood cultures isolated 17 gram‐positive organisms; coagulase‐negative staphylococci viridans group streptococci cultured most frequently (82%). We concluded that previous high‐dose cytarabine...

Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) are Gram‐positive opportunistic pathogens which part of the normal gastrointestinal and oropharyngeal flora. Clinically, VGS causative agents infective endocarditis bacteremia in immuno‐suppressed neutropenic patients. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is on rise within VGS, as many isolates now resistant to ampicillin, fluoroquinolones macrolides. As with most pathogens, novel treatment methods needed combat infections. Daptomycin (DAP) a lipopeptide antibiotic...