Commensal flora plays important roles in the regulation of gene expression involved many intestinal functions and maintenance immune homeostasis, as well pathogenesis inflammatory bowel diseases. The microRNAs (miRNAs), a class small, noncoding RNAs, act key regulators biological processes. miRNAs are highly conserved among species appear to play both innate adaptive immunity, they can control differentiation various cells, their functions. However, it is still largely unknown how microbiota...

Abstract Vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) elicits heterotypic immunity to smallpox, monkeypox, and mousepox, the mechanistic basis for which is poorly understood. It generally assumed that arises from presentation of a wide array VACV-derived, CD8 + T cell epitopes share homology other poxviruses. Herein this assumption was tested using large panel VACV-derived peptides presented by HLA-B*07:02 (B7.2) molecules in mousepox/ectromelia (ECTV)-infection, B7.2 transgenic mouse model. Most...

Zika virus (ZIKV) has gained worldwide attention since it emerged, and a global effort is underway to understand the correlates of protection develop diagnostics identify rates infection. As new therapeutics vaccine approaches are evaluated in clinical trials, additional focused on identifying adaptive immune against ZIKV disease. To aid this endeavor we have begun dissect role CD4+T cells neuroinvasive We identified an important for protection, demonstrating that absence mice more severe...

Infant formula and breastfeeding are environmental factors that influence the incidence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) as well acidity newborn diets. To determine if altering intestinal microbiome is one mechanism through which an acidic liquid plays a role in T1D, we placed non-obese diabetic (NOD)/ShiLtJt mice on neutral (N) or acidified H 2 O monitored impact microbial composition diabetes incidence. NOD-N showed increased development diabetes, while exhibiting decrease Firmicutes increase...

Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is a regenerative lesion in the gastric mucosa and potential precursor to intestinal metaplasia/gastric adenocarcinoma chronic inflammatory setting. The goal of these studies was define transcriptional changes associated with SPEM at individual cell level response acute drug injury damage mucosa.Epithelial cells were isolated from corpus healthy stomachs drug-induced inflammation-induced lesions. Single RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) performed...

ATP-gated P2X7 receptors are prominently expressed in inflammatory cells and play a key role the immune response. A major consequence of receptor activation is regulated influx Ca2+ through self-contained cation non-selective channel. Although physiological importance resulting rise intracellular universally acknowledged, biophysics flux responsible for effects poorly understood, largely because traditional methods measuring permeability difficult to apply receptors. Here we use an...

Tracking antigen-specific T cell responses over time within individuals is difficult because of lack knowledge TCR sequences, limitations in sample size, and assay sensitivities. We hypothesized that analyses high-throughput sequencing clonotypes could provide functional readouts individuals' immunological histories. Using sequencing, we develop a database TCRβ sequences from large cohorts mice before (naive) after smallpox vaccination. computationally identify 315 vaccine-associated (VATS)...

Abstract Numerous studies have evaluated human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA load in women, especially HPV-16 viral load, and its role cervical carcinogenicity. Few examined HPV men, none among asymptomatic men. The aim of the current study is to quantify male anogenital specimens explore correlates with anatomic sites. Two-hundred ninety-four from 42 men who tested positive for at one or more sites were evaluated. was detected PGMY 09/11 primer genotyped reverse line blot assay followed by...

Human Helicobacter pylori infection leads to multiple pathological consequences, including gastritis and adenocarcinoma. Although this association has led the classification of H. as a type 1 carcinogen, it is not clear if additional nonhelicobacter gastric microbiota play role in these diseases. In study, we utilized either specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice (B6.SPF) or colonized with altered Schaedler flora (B6.ASF) evaluate disease development after felis infection. Despite similar...

Results from studies comparing the diversity and specificity of TCR repertoires expressed by conventional (Tconv) regulatory (Treg) CD4+ T cell have varied depending on experimental system employed. We developed a new model in which cells express single fixed TCRα chain, randomly rearranged endogenous TCRβ chains, Foxp3-GFP reporter. purified CD4+Foxp3- CD4+Foxp3+ cells, then performed biased controlled multiplex PCR high throughput sequencing chains. identified >7,000 different sequences...

<ns3:p>The pathogen exposure history of an individual is recorded in their T-cell repertoire and can be accessed through the study receptors (TCRs) if tools to identify them were available. For each T-cell, TCR loci undergoes genetic rearrangement that creates a unique DNA sequence. In theory these sequences used as biomarkers for tracking responses cataloging immunological history. We developed immune Cell Analysis Tool (iCAT), R software package analyzes sequencing data from exposed...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a significant global health threat due to its potential for rapid emergence and association with severe congenital malformations during infection in pregnancy. Despite the urgent need, accurate diagnosis of ZIKV still major hurdle that must be overcome. Contributing inaccuracy most serologically-based diagnostic assays ZIKV, substantial geographic antigenic overlap other flaviviruses, including four serotypes dengue (DENV). Within this study, we have utilized novel T...

<ns3:p>The pathogen exposure history of an individual is recorded in their T-cell repertoire and can be accessed through the study receptors (TCRs) if tools to identify them were available. For each T-cell, TCR loci undergoes genetic rearrangement that creates a unique DNA sequence. In theory these sequences used as biomarkers for tracking responses cataloging immunological history. We developed immune Cell Analysis Tool (iCAT), R software package analyzes sequencing data from exposed...

Community gardens, small farmers markets, and new supermarket start-ups are helping to alleviate food deserts; areas where healthy is difficult access. Another potential solution deserts introducing produce trucks into a community. Currently however, there regulations in place which restrict the vendors ability provide fresh fruits vegetables need them. This can be solved by amending laws that target mobile vendors, granting more freedom sell heart of deserts.

Bei 11 Patienten mit Morbus Hodgkin, die entweder im Röntgenbild oder histologischen Schnitt streifige Veränderungen der Lungen aufwiesen, wurden Röntgenbefund und pathologisch-anatomisches Substrat verglichen. Nur in 3 Fällen entsprachen Art Ausmaß des lymphogranulomatösen Lungenbefundes histologisch den ; pathologisch-anatomisch handelte es sich dabei jedoch nicht um eine reine, d. h. auf das Lymphgefäß beschränkte Lymphangiosis lymphogranulomatosa, sondern ausgedehnte mantelförmige...

Abstract Human gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated pathologic consequences, such as gastritis, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. This led to the classification of H. a type-1 carcinogen, but role additional non-helicobacter factors in disease unclear. In this study we utilized three models C57BL/6(B6) mice evaluate microbiota felis development: germfree/gnotobiotic(B6.GB), colonized Altered Schaedler Flora®(B6.ASF), specific pathogen free model(B6.SPF). Despite similar...

Abstract T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement results in germ-line editing of a cell’s TCR loci. During infection, cells with TCRs specific for the pathogen proliferate. Resulting pathogen-specific memory retain unique DNA rearrangements, which we hypothesized may be used as molecular biomarkers prior exposure. We performed high-throughput sequencing TCRβ repertoires HLA-A2 transgenic mice pre- and post- inoculation either smallpox vaccine or highly-related monkeypox virus (MPXV). generated...