Rapid evolution of RNA viruses with mRNA-sense genomes is a major concern to health and economic welfare because the devastating diseases these inflict on humans, animals, plants. To test whether host genes can affect viruses, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae single-gene deletion library, which includes ≈80% yeast genes, in recombination studies based small viral replicon derived from tomato bushy stunt virus. The genome-wide screen led identification five whose absence resulted rapid...

RNA recombination occurs frequently during replication of tombusviruses and carmoviruses, which are related small plus-sense viruses plants. The most common recombinants generated by these either defective interfering (DI) RNAs or chimeric satellite RNAs, thought to be template switching the viral RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRp) process. To test if is mediated RdRp, we used a purified recombinant RdRp Turnip crinkle carmovirus partially preparation Cucumber necrosis tombusvirus. We...

RNA recombination is a major process in promoting rapid virus evolution an infected host. A previous genome-wide screen with the yeast single-gene deletion library of 4,848 strains, representing approximately 80% all genes yeast, led to identification 11 host affecting Tomato bushy stunt (TBSV), small model plant (E. Serviene, N. Shapka, C. P. Cheng, T. Panavas, B. Phuangrat, J. Baker, and D. Nagy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:10545-10550, 2005). To further test role viral recombination,...

RNA viruses of humans, animals, and plants evolve rapidly due to mutations recombination. A previous genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model host, identified five host genes, including XRN1, encoding 5'-3' exoribonuclease, whose absence led an approximately 10- 50-fold enhancement recombination Tomato bushy stunt virus (E. Serviene, N. Shapka, C. P. Cheng, T. Panavas, B. Phuangrat, J. Baker, D. Nagy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:10545-10550, 2005). In this study, we found...

Significance Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) genome persistence and expression in human cells can result lymphocyte or epithelial cell malignancies. EBV gene depends on the encoded virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein binding to cognate sites episomes. Search for a necessary EBNA1 interaction with episomes identified low-level nucleolin (NCL) association EBNA1. Despite stable association, NCL shRNA knockdowns revealed wild-type NCL, but not an ATP site point mutant be critical episomes,...

RNAs transcribed from a full-length infectious cDNA clone of the bamboo mosaic potexvirus (strain O) genome, pBaMV-O, were to Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Mutant genomes in which poly(A) tail is absent or replaced by 3' tRNA-like structure turnip yellow virus RNA failed amplify detectably N. protoplasts. No amplification was detected protoplasts inoculated with transcripts containing 4, 7, 10 adenylate residues at end, whereas transcript inocula 15 resulted coat protein accumulation level...

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an oncogenic γ-herpesvirus that capably establishes both latent and lytic modes of infection in host cells causes malignant diseases humans. Nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2)-mediated transcription cellular viral genes essential for the establishment maintenance EBV latency program B lymphocytes. Here, we employed a protein affinity pull-down LC-MS/MS analysis to identify nucleophosmin (NPM1) as one proteins bound EBNA2. Additionally, specific domains are responsible...

To investigate the plant genes affected by Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection, we applied a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism technique to screen with differential expression. A serine/threonine kinase-like (NbSTKL) gene of Nicotiana benthamiana is upregulated after BaMV infection. NbSTKL contains homologous domain Ser/Thr kinase. Knocking down expression virus-induced silencing reduced accumulation in inoculated leaves but not protoplasts. The spread GFP-expressing also impeded...

Satellite RNAs associated with Bamboo mosaic virus (satBaMVs) depend on BaMV for replication and encapsidation. Certain satBaMVs isolated from natural fields significantly interfere replication. The 5′ apical hairpin stem loop (AHSL) of satBaMV is the major determinant in interference In this study, by vivo competition assay, we revealed that sequence structure AHSL, along specific nucleotides (C 60 C 83 ) required replication, are also involved among variants. Moreover, all ends isolates...

The screening of differentially expressed genes in plants after pathogen infection can uncover the potential host factors required for pathogens. In this study, an up-regulated gene was identified and cloned from Nicotiana benthamiana Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) inoculation. as a member Rab small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) family, designated NbRABG3f according to its silico translated product with high identity that RABG3f tomato. Knocking down expression using virus-induced silencing...

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of viral movement proteins plays a crucial role in regulating virus movement. Our study focused on investigating the protein TGBp1 Bamboo mosaic (BaMV), which is single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Specifically, we examined four potential phosphorylation sites (S15, S18, T58, S247) within protein. To impact phosphorylation, introduced amino acid substitutions at selected sites. Alanine were used to prevent while aspartate employed mimic...

The satellite RNA of bamboo mosaic virus (satBaMV) has a single open reading frame encoding non-structural protein, P20, which facilitates long-distance movement satBaMV in BaMV and co-infected plants. Immunohistochemistry immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the P20 protein accumulated cytoplasm nuclei cells. helper coat (CP) were highly similar their subcellular localization, except aggregates virions not labelled with anti-P20 serum. CP was fairly abundant mesophyll cells, whilst more...

NbRabF1, a small GTPase from Nicotiana benthamiana and homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana Ara6, plays key role in regulating Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) movement by vesicle transport between endosomal membranes. Reducing the expression NbRabF1 N. virus-induced gene silencing decreased accumulation BaMV, with smaller infection foci on inoculated leaves, but had no effect protoplasts. Furthermore, transient increased BaMV leaves. Thus, may be involved cell-to-cell BaMV. The potential acyl...

(Abstract) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) induces expression of both viral and cellular genes in infected B cells by mimicking activated Notch receptors (Notch-IC) that mediate transcription activation through binding to the repressing domain recombining protein suppressor hairless (RBP-Jκ). In general, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA), streptavidin-agarose mediated DNA pull-down together with cell-based reporter...