Background: The Achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus communis) is a critical structure for movement, transmitting force from muscle contraction to the skeletal system. Understanding its biomechanical and histological properties essential veterinary medicine, biomechanics injury research. While previous studies have examined adaptation in various species, limited research has compared structural functional differences between right left tendons. This study aims analyze compare of tendons rabbits,...

Apoptosis has been shown to be an important regulator of endometrium function. To clarify the regulation apoptosis in cat during normal oestrus cycle, expressions apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) their correlation inhibitor protein Survivin were analysed using immunohistochemistry. The TUNEL technique (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) was also used detect DNA fragmentation characteristic apoptotic cells. results demonstrated that labelling is not effective for detection...

Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins which constitute the major component of mucus layer and produce by many epithelial tissues in vertebrates. Osteopontin (OPN) is an adhesive phosphorylated glycoprotein that expressed a broad range cells. Although gastric mucins MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6 OPN have been widely used histological studies diagnostic pathology order to diagnose carcinomas, their localizations stomach quail not yet studied. In this study, proventriculus gizzard Japanese during...

ABSTRACT Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by nitric synthases (NOSs) and plays an important role in all levels of reproduction from the brain to reproductive organs. Recently, it has been discovered that germ cells Leydig cat testis exhibit stage‐dependent nuclear cytoplasmic endothelial (eNOS) inducible (iNOS)‐NOS immunoreactivity nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) reactivity. As a continuation this finding, study, cellular localization NADPH‐d immunolocalization...

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory processes play a critical role in the innate immune response during initial interaction between infecting microorganism and cells. This study aimed to investigate possible microanatomical histological differences mandibular bronchial lymph nodes Akkaraman Romanov lambs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipoteichoic acid (LTA) gene, protein, immunoexpression levels of

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members are responsible for cells' growth, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and differentiation proliferation of non‐endothelial cell types. VEGF its receptors found in mammalian lymphoid organs. The present study was conceived to determine (a) the presence localization angiogenic (Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 [Flt1/fms], fetal liver [Flk1]/kinase insert domain receptor [KDR], Fms‐like 4 [Flt4]) inhibitor...

This study was designed to elucidate the presence of apoptosis and localization apoptosis‐related B ax survivin proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) within chicken uropygial gland, a specialized holocrine secretory gland. In day‐old chicks, immunoreactivities were observed in cytoplasm germinative layers luminal epithelium tubules. During this period, TUNEL reaction, an indication apoptosis, only sporadically positive From 7th day 150th posthatching, detected cells layer...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its specific receptors, FLt1/fms, Flk1/KDR FLt4, play important roles in vasculogenesis, physiological pathological angiogenesis. Whether angiogenic factors are involved regulating processes during the postpartum involution period (PP) of rat uterus is unknown. We used immunohistochemistry to analyze expression levels VEGF, fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLt1/fms), insert domain-containing region (Flk1/KDR), Fms-related 4 (FLt4) vascular inhibitor...

The endometrial layer of the uterus is characterized by continuous cycle cell growth and apoptosis in response to hormonal changes. Apoptosis regulated several apoptotic regulators, but their significance involuting has not been well understood. For that reason, aim this study was investigate possible role apoptosis-related proteins (bax survivin) enzymes (caspase-3 calpain-1) rat, using immunohistochemistry. Our results indicated cytoplasmic nuclear immunostaining for bax, caspase-3,...

Abstract The pecten oculi is a highly vascularized and pigmented organ that projects from the optic disc into vitreous body in avian eye. In this study, of Turkey's native Gerze chicken was examined by light scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, localization some adherens junction components (E‐cadherin pan‐cadherin) intact vessels blood–retina barrier investigated immunohistochemistry. chicken, thin structure, which located over head discus nervi optici projected retina corpus vitreum....

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are polypeptides involved in the regulation of oogenesis and folliculogenesis by inducing ovarian mitogenic, homeostatic angiogenic activity. This study was aimed at determining localisation FGF ligands (FGF1 FGF2) receptor 2 (FGFR2) rat ovary immunohistochemical analyses, pregnancy postpartum period. During period, positive FGF1 immunoreactions were observed nucleus cytoplasm germinative epithelial cells, granulosa cells follicles different developmental...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of pathogen recognition and play critical roles in detecting responding invading pathogens. TLR expression could be significant because, the uterus, reproductive tract is an important site exposure infection by pathogens during post partum involution period. To clarify localisation patterns TLRs rat uterus on Days 1, 3, 5 10 (PP1, PP3, PP5 PP10 respectively), immunohistochemistry western blotting were used analyse TLR1–7, TLR9 TLR10. The results...

Toll-like receptors are involved in the recognition of bacterial toxins, which cause infection respiratory system. This study aimed to evaluate microanatomical and histological alterations lungs 24 healthy Akkaraman Romanov lambs after administration lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LTA + LPS investigate gene, protein, immune expression levels TLR4, MyD88, TNF-α molecules, known have functions. Microanatomical examinations showed thickened peribronchial alveolar walls...

S-100 proteins are calcium-activated signaling that interact with other to modulate biological functions such as cell migration, growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, contraction, and the inflammatory response. Although expressed in neuronal non-neuronal tissues, their localization uropygial gland was not known. This study concerns immunohistochemical detection of alpha, beta, wbS-100 chicken during development from days 1-150 post-hatching. In 1-day-old chicks, nuclei cytoplasm...

1. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) family plays an important role in the development, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of cells, as well wound healing, which are all essential to viability multicellular organisms. avian spleen is a principal organ systemic immunity its importance disease resistance presumably accentuated by scarcity lymph nodes.2. aim this study was determine whether EGF receptors (ErbB1-4) their ligands (EGF, AREG NRG) expressed structural components quail during...

The mammalian oviduct provides a favourable environment for several reproductive processes, including ovum transport, sperm capacitation, fertilization and pre-implantation embryonic development. This is regulated by cyclic ovarian steroids, that oestrogen, growth factors. Fibroblast factors (FGFs) regulate the differentiation of various cell types in female genital tract. study aimed to determine localization FGF1, FGF2, FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) 2 (FGFR2) rat oviduct, immunohistochemistry, on...