A5042936423- Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
- Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
UK Dementia Research Institute
2019-2025
Imperial College London
2016-2025
Hammersmith Hospital
2016-2025
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2016-2025
Mississippi College
2021-2025
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging
2014-2024
Royal British Legion
2019-2024
University of Surrey
2020-2024
The Open University
2024
University of Bath
2024
Abstract Objective: Patient outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly variable. The underlying pathophysiology of this poorly understood, but inflammation potentially an important factor. Microglia orchestrate many aspects response. Their activation can be studied in vivo using the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand [11C](R)PK11195 (PK). In study, we investigate whether inflammatory response to TBI persists, and relates structural abnormalities cognitive function. Methods:...
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a central part of the default mode network (DMN) and structural core brain. Although PCC often shows consistent deactivation when attention focused on external events, anatomical studies show that region not homogeneous, electrophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates suggest it directly involved some forms attention. We report functional magnetic resonance imaging study an attentionally demanding task (either zero- or two-back working memory...
Age-associated disease and disability are placing a growing burden on society. However, ageing does not affect people uniformly. Hence, markers of the underlying biological process needed to help identify at increased risk age-associated physical cognitive impairments ultimately, death. Here, we present such biomarker, 'brain-predicted age', derived using structural neuroimaging. Brain-predicted age was calculated machine-learning analysis, trained neuroimaging data from large healthy...
White matter disruption is an important determinant of cognitive impairment after brain injury, but conventional neuroimaging underestimates its extent. In contrast, diffusion tensor imaging provides a validated and sensitive way identifying the impact axonal injury. The relationship between traumatic injury white damage likely to be complex. We applied flexible technique—tract-based spatial statistics—to explore whether specific tracts associated with particular patterns impairment....
There is considerable uncertainty about the function of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The PCC a major node within default mode network (DMN) and has high metabolic activity dense structural connectivity to widespread brain regions, which suggests it role as cortical hub. region appears be involved in internally directed thought, for example, memory recollection. However, recent nonhuman primate work provides evidence more active control cognition, through signaling an environmental...
Efficient behavior involves the coordinated activity of large-scale brain networks, but way in which these networks interact is uncertain. One theory that salience network (SN)—which includes anterior cingulate cortex, presupplementary motor area, and insulae—regulates dynamic changes other networks. If this case, then damage to structural connectivity SN should disrupt regulation associated To investigate hypothesis, we studied a group 57 patients with cognitive impairments following...
Stopping an action in response to unexpected event requires both that the is attended to, and inhibited. Previous neuroimaging investigations of stopping have failed adequately separate these cognitive elements. Here we used a version widely Stop Signal Task controls for attentional capture stop signals. This allowed us fractionate contributions frontal regions, including right inferior gyrus medial cortex, capture, inhibition, error processing. A ventral system, gyrus, has been shown...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently produces impairments of attention in humans. These can result a failure to maintain consistent goal-directed behavior. A predominantly right-lateralized frontoparietal network is often engaged during attentionally demanding tasks. However, lapses have also been associated with increases activation within the default mode (DMN). Here, we study TBI patients sustained impairment, defined on basis consistency their behavioral performance over time. We show...
Traumatic brain injury often results in cognitive impairments that limit recovery. The underlying pathophysiology of these is uncertain, which restricts clinical assessment and management. Here, we use magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypotheses that: (i) traumatic abnormalities functional connectivity within key networks; (ii) changes are correlated with performance; (iii) networks influenced by structural produced diffuse axonal injury. We studied 20 patients chronic phase after...
The long-term effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) can resemble observed in normal ageing, suggesting that TBI may accelerate the ageing process. We investigate this using a neuroimaging model predicts age healthy individuals and then apply it to patients. define individuals' differences chronological predicted structural "brain age," test whether produces progressive atrophy how relates cognitive function.A predictive was defined machine learning 1,537 individuals, based on magnetic...
EB1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that localizes to the plus ends of growing microtubules. In yeast, homologue (BIM1) has been shown modulate microtubule dynamics and link microtubules cortex, but functions metazoan proteins remain unknown. Using a novel preparation Drosophila S2 cell line promotes attachment spreading, we visualized single in real time found depletion by RNA-mediated inhibition (RNAi) interphase cells causes dramatic increase nondynamic (neither nor shrinking),...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with increased iron levels in the substantia nigra (SNc). This study evaluated whether chelator, deferiprone, well tolerated, able to chelate from various brain regions and improve PD symptomology. In a randomised double-blind, placebo controlled trial, 22 early onset patients, were administered 10 or 15 mg/kg BID placebo, for 6 months. Patients severity, cognitive function, depression rating quality of life. Iron concentrations assessed (SNc), dentate...
The Salience Network (SN) consists of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and bilateral insulae. network responds to behaviorally salient events, an important question is how its nodes interact. One theory that dACC provides earliest cortical signal such as errors. Alternatively, right insula (aRI) has been proposed provide early cognitive control signal. As these regions frequently coactivate, it difficult disentangle their roles using conventional methods. Here we use dynamic...
Traumatic brain injury can lead to the neurodegenerative disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This condition has a clear neuropathological definition but relationship between initial head impact and pattern of progressive pathology is poorly understood. We test hypothesis that mechanical strain rate are greatest in sulci, where neuropathology prominently seen encephalopathy, whether human neuroimaging observations converge with computational predictions. Three distinct types were...
Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic and candidate drug model of psychosis. This study measured the effects psilocybin on resting-state network thalamocortical functional connectivity (FC) using magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fifteen healthy volunteers received intravenous infusions placebo in 2 task-free scans. Primary analyses focused changes FC between default-mode- (DMN) task-positive (TPN). Spontaneous activity DMN orthogonal to spontaneous TPN, it well known that these networks...
To understand SARS-Co-V-2 infection and transmission in UK nursing homes order to develop preventive strategies for protecting the frail elderly residents.An outbreak investigation involving 394 residents 70 staff, was carried out 4 affected by COVID-19 outbreaks central London. Two point-prevalence surveys were performed one week apart where underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing had relevant symptoms documented. Asymptomatic staff from three of four also offered testing.Overall, 26% (95% CI 22-31)...
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children young adults worldwide. It remains unclear, however, how TBI childhood adolescence associated with adult mortality, psychiatric morbidity, social outcomes. Methods Findings In a Swedish birth cohort between 1973 1985 1,143,470 individuals, we identified all those who had sustained at least one (n = 104,290 or 9.1%) up to age 25 y their unaffected siblings 68,268) using patient registers. We...
Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has history of use in psychotherapy. One the rationales for its was it aids emotional insight by lowering psychological defences.To test hypothesis psilocybin facilitates access to personal memories and emotions comparing subjective neural responses positive autobiographical under placebo.Ten healthy participants received two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (2 mg intravenous v. saline), separated approximately 7 days, during which...
Interactions between the Salience Network (SN) and Default Mode (DMN) are thought to be important for cognitive control. However, evidence a causal relationship networks is limited. Previously, we have reported that traumatic damage white matter tracts within SN predicts abnormal DMN function. Here investigate effect of this on network interactions accompany changing motor We initially used fMRI Stop Signal Task study response inhibition in humans. In healthy subjects, functional...