Integrating ceramic and metallic properties in MAX phases makes them highly desirable for diverse technological applications. In this study, through first-principles density functional theory (DFT), we investigated the physical of two new 312 compounds, M3GaB2 (M = Ti, Hf). Chemical stability is confirmed via formation energy assessment, while mechanical established by determining elastic stiffness constants. A thorough analysis behaviors includes bulk modulus, shear Young's hardness...

Optical splitters are promising photonic devices for next-generation integrated circuits, which enable signal distribution and routing between the different components, facilitating complex optical functionalities on a single chip. This research introduces what we believe is novel numerical technique enhancing network efficiency by incorporating taper-based step-index (SI) Y-branch multimode interference (MMI) splitter with organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials. The proposed device...

All-optical switches play a significant role in optical communication and signal processing using purely signals offer efficient high-speed data transmission over conventional switches, which rely on optic–electronic conversions. This paper demonstrates 1 × 2 all-optical realized with the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) directional couplers (DCs) for next-generation computing systems. We numerically design simulate this switch by commercially available RSoft CAD BeamPROP solver. The...

Polarization beam splitters are pivotal in manipulating polarized light within photonic integrated circuits for various optical applications. This study introduces a single-mode polarization splitter comprising three waveguides realized with polymer materials. The device optimization process employed the propagation method, explicitly using RSoft CAD BeamProp solver. Our proposed performs exceptionally well 99% complete and null transmission efficiency. In particular, it demonstrates minimal...

Optical switches that effectively isolate outputs are crucial for precisely and efficiently directing controlling optical signals. This study presents the design characterization of a 1×2 electro-optic (EO) switch utilizing few-mode waveguides on lithium niobate insulator (LNOI) platform. Simulations conducted with beam propagation method revealed equal splitting between at 0 volts. When 1 volt was applied, output switched to bar port MMI, 3.5 volts, cross MMI wavelength 1.55 μm. The device,...

We demonstrate multimode interference (MMI)-based Y-branch single-mode step-index (SI) core polymer optical waveguide splitter for the development of circuitry. This consists a single input and multiple (six) outputs realized with organic-inorganic hybrid materials. set width this as single-mode, where is particularly <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$6.5\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex> . design using beam propagation method at 1550-nm...

This paper demonstrates step-index (SI) and graded-index (GI) core-based multimode interference (MMI) splitters realized with polymer materials for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). These SI GI index-based MMI guide the input light through waveguide following self-imaging principles demonstrate multiple outputs same uniformity when length is obtained. We numerically design develop (1×5) by using beam propagation method (BPM), we use RSoft CAD BeamPROP solver structural characterization....

Abstract High-speed and energy-efficient electro-optic (EO) switches are crucial for next-generation data communication systems. This paper presents a novel EO switch utilizing multimode interference (MMI) coupler-based approach on lithium-niobate (LiNbO 3 ) platform. The is designed with Bezier S-bend waveguides, leading to significant reduction in bending loss 0.18 dB. Bezier-bend shows an excess of 0.33 dB crosstalk −20.44 the bar port switching, while cross switching exhibits 0.64 −13.66...

Recent advancements in thin-film lithium niobate have led to the development of high-performance integrated electro-optic modulators, which are crucial for modern optical communication systems. These modulators offer tighter mode confinement, a smaller physical footprint, and reduced modulating voltages. This study presents Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) on silicon nitride-loaded platform using few-mode waveguide structure. By harnessing exceptional thermo-optic effects LiNbO 3 , we design...

Abstract In this study, we present a novel material platform based on tantalum-niobium pentoxide (TaNbO 5 ) for integrated photonics applications. TaNbO demonstrates exceptional attributes suitable both linear and nonlinear optics across wide range of near-infrared wavelengths. Our analysis the unit cell revealed crucial lattice parameters direct band gap value 2.268 eV. At wavelength 1550 nm, exhibits refractive index 2.22, an extinction coefficient 5.24 × 10 −4 , other optical properties....

This study introduces and substantiates the operational viability of a novel optical switch, realized through multimode interference (MMI)-based Y-branch architecture, holds significant promise for advancing circuitry. Implementing nonlinear directional coupler (DC) within symmetric arms structure enables controlled phase shifting, effectively transforming passive splitter into an active switch. Phase manipulation results in ON OFF states, which is crucial versatile switching. With 5 μm core...

All-optical switches play a significant role in optical communication and signal processing using purely signals offer efficient high-speed data transmission over conventional switches, which rely on optic–electronic conversions. This paper demonstrates 1×2 all-optical realized with the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) directional couplers (DCs) for next-generation computing systems. We numerically design simulate this switch by commercially available RSoft CAD BeamPROP solver. The proposed...

Polarization beam splitters are pivotal in manipulating polarized light within photonic integrated circuits for various optical applications. This study introduces a single-mode polarization splitter composed of three waveguides realized with polymer materials. The device optimization process employed propagation method, explicitly using the RSoft CAD BeamProp solver. Our proposed performs exceptionally 99 % complete and null transmission efficiency. In particular, it demonstrates minimal...

Polarization beam splitters are pivotal in manipulating polarized light within photonic integrated circuits for various optical applications. This study introduces a single-mode polarization splitter composed of three waveguides realized with polymer materials. The device optimization process employed propagation method, explicitly using the RSoft CAD BeamProp solver. Our proposed performs exceptionally 99 % complete and null transmission efficiency. In particular, it demonstrates minimal...

This paper demonstrates step-index (SI) and graded-index (GI) core-based multimode interference (MMI) splitters realized with polymer materials for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). These SI GI index-based MMI guide the input light through waveguide following self-imaging principles demonstrate multiple outputs same uniformity when length is obtained. We numerically design develop (1×5) by using beam propagation method (BPM), we use RSoft CAD BeamPROP solver structural characterization....

High-speed and energy-efficient electro-optic (EO) switches are crucial for next-generation data communication systems. This paper introduces a novel EO switch with multimode inference (MMI) coupler-based approach in Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) platform, which is developed Bezier S-bend waveguides to reduce the bending losses, resulting substantial loss reduction of 0.18 dB. Bezier-bend shows an excess 0.33 dB crosstalk -20.44 bar port switching, while cross switching exhibits 0.64 -13.66...

The pursuit of high-speed and energy-efficient data transmission has spotlighted electro-optic (EO) switches as crucial components shaping the future communication networks. This paper introduces a novel EO switch utilizing coupler-based approach implemented on Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) platform. aim is to optimize efficiency functionality switches. Notably, this strategically incorporates Bezier S bend mitigate bending losses, resulting in substantial 0.18 dB reduction loss. proposed...

This study introduces and substantiates the operational viability of a novel optical switch, realized through multimode interference (MMI)-based Y-branch architecture, holds significant promise for advancing circuitry. Implementing nonlinear directional coupler (DC) within symmetric arms structure enables controlled phase shifting, effectively transforming passive splitter into an active switch. Phase manipulation results in ON OFF states, which is crucial versatile switching. With 5 μm core...

This research presents a novel strategy for enhancing optical network efficiency by implementing taper-based single-mode step-index (SI) core polymer Y-branch multimode interference (MMI) splitter. The innovative splitter design offers notable benefits in terms of performance, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. By capitalizing on the inherent attributes material, including its minimal propagation losses flexibility, we meticulously engineer this Y-Branch MMI A 5 μm width is purposefully...