Organic acids, such as citric and sorbic acid, pure plant-derived constituents, like monoterpens aldehydes, have a long history of use in pig feeding alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. However, their effects on the intestinal barrier function inflammation never been investigated. Therefore, aim this study was assess impact microencapsulated mixture acid (OA) botanicals, namely thymol vanillin, (PB) integrity functionality weaned pigs vitro Caco-2 cells. In first 20 piglets were...

The anticoccidial activity of thymol, carvacrol, and saponins was assessed in an vitro model coccidiosis. Eimeria spp. sporozoites were collected from field samples, characterized, used for 2 different invasion assays on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells (MDBK). challenged with 5 × 104 without (control) or various treatments: (10 ppm), carvacrol (7 ppm each) a combination saponins, at doses; MIX 1 (saponins ppm, thymol 3.5 ppm) 10 7 ppm). treated incubated 37°C 24 h (invasion assay 1) 2, 24,...

The aim of this study was to compare low doses microencapsulated v. pharmacological ZnO in the diet piglets on growth performance, ileum health status and architecture. One hundred forty-four weaned at 28 days divided 36 pens (two males two females per pen), received a basal (control, Zn 50 mg/kg) or with 3000 mg/kg (pZnO), lipid 150 400 (mZnO-300 mZnO-800, respectively). After 14 42 days, three pigs sex treatment were euthanized collect mucosa for immunohistochemistry, histomorphology,...

Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is one of the long-standing challenges in pig husbandry. Due to risks resistance caused by antibiotics (AB) misuse, conventional treatments against Escherichia coli K88 (E. K88), PWD etiological agent, urgently need be replaced. Organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role infection management thanks their recognized antimicrobial activity. This study investigated susceptibility an E. field strain wide panel AB,...

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels a microencapsulated blend botanicals (MBB) on intestinal health and growth performance nursery pigs challenged with F18+ E. coli. Sixty-four (6.8 ± 0.3 kg) were assigned four dietary treatments in randomized complete block design, initial body weight sex as blocks, fed for 28 d 3 phases. Treatments basal diet without coli challenge (NC) MBB (0.0, 0.1, 0.2%) On 7 study, group orally inoculated (1.5 × 1010 CFU). 21...

Abstract The objective of this study was to test the effects increasing levels a microencapsulated blend botanicals (MBB) against an F18+E. coli challenge on mucosa-associated microbiota, mucosal immunity, and morphology in jejunum nursery pigs. Thirty-two pigs (6.8 ± 0.3 kg) were assigned 4 dietary treatments randomized complete block design, with initial body weight sex as blocks, fed for 28 d 3 phases (7/13/8 d, respectively). Four negative control (NC, receiving corn-soy basal diet)...

Salmonella typhimurium is one of the major bacteria responsible for gastroenteritis in humans caused by foodborne pathogens. As pork main routes transmission, bioactive compounds used as feed additives may be an important strategy to control typhimurium. The aim this study was assess antimicrobial activity several organic acids and nature identical against ATCC®® 6994™. Moreover, effect sub-lethal concentrations thymol carvacrol counteracting a vitro infection on Caco-2 cells evaluated,...

Bioactive compounds, such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC), can exert a role in the protection of intestinal mucosa functionality due to their biological properties. The aim this study was understand 2 OA (citric sorbic acid) NIC (thymol vanillin), alone or combined blend (OA + NIC), on barrier functionality, either during homeostatic condition an inflammatory challenge performed with pro-inflammatory cytokines lipopolysaccharides (LPS). human epithelial cell line...

Essential oils (EO) and natural bioactive compounds are well-known antibacterial anti-inflammatory factors; however, little is known about their anticoccidial activity mode of action. EO deriving from basil (BEO), garlic (GAR), oregano (OEO) thyme (TEO) main were investigated for proprieties compared to salinomycin (SAL) amprolium (AMP) in vitro. The invasion Eimeria tenella sporozoites was studied on two cell models: Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells primary chicken epithelial (cIEC)....

The reduction of Salmonella prevalence in broilers is a priority European Union agricultural policies because treatment with antibiotics forbidden by Regulation (EC) 2160/2003. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy microencapsulated blend sorbic acid and nature-identical compounds (i.e., chemically synthesized botanicals; SAB) on cecal contents enterica serovars Hadar Enteritidis experimentally infected chickens. In first trial, 125 one-day-old Lohmann specific-pathogen-free...

The fastidious nature of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae limits an accurate in vitro pre-screening conventionally used antibiotics and other candidate alternative antimicrobials. This results a non-judicious use antibiotics, leading to exponential increase the antibiotic resistance issue slowdown research for new molecules that might stop this serious phenomenon. In study we tested four (tylosin, lincomycin, doxycycline, tiamulin) medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic,...

Abstract Background The recent identification of the endocannabinoid system in gastrointestinal tract suggests a role controlling intestinal inflammation. In addition, gut chemosensing has therapeutic applications treatment diseases and inflammation due to presence large variety receptors. purposes this study were investigate markers pig and, second, determine if thymol modulates these markers. One hundred sixty 28-day-old piglets allocated into one 5 groups ( n = 32 per treatment): T1...

The continuous spread of antimicrobial resistance is endangering the efficient control enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which mainly responsible for post-weaning diarrhea onset in piglets. Thymol, key constituent thyme essential oil, already used animal nutrition its action. aim this study was to investigate potential adjuvant effect thymol re-establish antibiotic efficacy against highly resistant ETEC field strains. Secondly, we evaluated modulation virulence and genes. Thymol...

In a global context of increased antibiotic resistance, feed additives with enhanced antimicrobial properties are useful and increasingly needed strategy. Organic acids (OA) botanical molecules such as nature identical compounds (NIC) have been shown to be effective against bacterial infections based on their activity. The aim this study was evaluate whether the combination OA or NIC conventional antibiotics in poultry could increase efficacy Clostridium perfringens Enterococcus cecorum....

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy a combination sorbic acid, thymol, and carvacrol in reducing prevalence shedding level Salmonella Typhimurium pigs either controlled challenge environment or production setting. In first study, 24 weaned piglets were separated 4 isolation units (6 piglets/isolation unit). Each unit received basal diet (no treatment) microencapsulated mixture at 1, 2, 5 g/kg feed. After 21 d, orally challenged with 6 log10 colony-forming Typhimurium. Blood...

Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge in poultry production and is typically managed with ionophores chemical anticoccidials. However, the emergence of drug resistance limitations on their use have encouraged exploration alternative solutions, including botanical compounds improvements vitro screening methods. Prior research focused only impact these alternatives Eimeria invasion, intracellular development cell cultures receiving limited attention. This study assessed thyme (Thymus...

Necrotic enteritis causes economic losses estimated to be up 6 billion US dollars per year. Clinical and subclinical infections in poultry are also both correlated with decreased growth feed efficiency. Moreover, a context of increased antibiotic resistance, additives enhanced antimicrobial properties useful increasingly needed strategy. In this study, the protective effects blend thymol organic acids against Clostridium perfringens type A (CP) on chicken intestinal epithelial cells were...

Immunometabolic modulation of macrophages can play an important role in the innate immune response chickens triggered with a multiplicity insults. In this study, immunometabolic two antibiotics (oxytetracycline and gentamicin) four plant extracts (thyme essential oil, grape seed extract, garlic capsicum oleoresin) were investigated on chicken macrophage-like cell line (HD11) during Salmonella Enteritidis infection. To study effect these substances, kinome peptide array analysis, Seahorse...