The objective of this study was to investigate intestinal nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA in broilers selected on corn- soybean-based (line A) or wheat-based B) diets. We investigated the peptide PepT1, 10 amino acid transporters (rBAT, b(o,+)AT, ATB(o,+), CAT1, CAT2, LAT1, y(+)LAT1, y(+)LAT2, B(o)AT, EAAT3), 4 sugar (SGLT1, SGLT5, GLUT5, GLUT2), a digestive (aminopeptidase N). Intestine collected at embryo d 18 20, day hatch, 1, 3, 7, 14 posthatch. abundance each gene assayed using...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects addition spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) and Cu nonmedicated diets on growth performance intestinal morphology in weaned pigs reared sanitary or nonsanitary environments. Weanling (n = 192, 18 +/- 2 d age, 6.0 0.2 kg BW) were assigned 8 treatments arranged factorially, including dietary levels SDPP (0 6% for initial 10 d), added 200 ppm entire 35-d experiment), pen sanitation conditions (sanitized nonsanitized before pig placement)....

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of a drug-free feeding program on broiler performance and intestinal morphology. Chicks vaccinated against coccidia were randomly assigned 4 dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC), basal diet; 2) positive (PC), diet 1 + Lincomycin; 3) (PG1); Bio-Mos, Vegpro, MTB-100, Acid Pak 4-Way, All-Lac XCL; 4) 2 (PG2), Bio-Mos XCL, each which 13 pens (48 birds in 52 pens). Growth traits (BW, feed intake, yield, mortality, BW gain, conversion rate)...

Six Angus × Simmental steers, surgically equipped with abomasal and ileal cannulae, were used during three metabolism trials. Steers blocked according to weight allotted diree dietary K levels (.6, 2.4 4.8% dry basis) for each trial the restriction that no animal would receive same level two successive Each consisted of a 5-d transition, 10-d preliminary period, 7-d collection feed, feces urine 6-d sampling fluid. Chromic oxide (.5%) was as an indicator measure flow through digestive tract....

Eighteen wether lambs, surgically equipped with abomasal and ileal cannulae, were used in two metabolism trials. Two levels of dietary Mg (.1 .2%) three K (.6, 2.4 4.8%, dry basis) fed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Each trial consisted 10-d preliminary period, 7-d collection feed, feces urine for determining mineral balance 6-d sampling fluid to determine flow site absorption. Magnesium absorption occurred before the small intestine. Feeding 4.8% decreased (P<.05) by 24.4 61.2%,...

Nutrient transporters in the small intestine are responsible for dietary nutrient assimilation; therefore, expression of these can influence overall status as well growth and development animal. This study examined correlated responses to selection developmental gene PepT1, EAAT3, SGLT1, GLUT5 chickens from lines divergently selected 48 generations high (HH) or low (LL) 56-d BW their reciprocal crosses (HL LH). Duodenum, jejunum, ileum were collected male female chicks on embryonic d 20, day...

A 446-bp cDNA fragment encoding a peptide transport protein was cloned from sheep omasum and used as probe to study the distribution of mRNA in various tissues sheep, dairy cows, pigs, chickens. Because predicted amino acid sequence this 85.8, 90.5, 90.5% identical rabbit, human, rat intestinal transporter (PepT1), respectively, it is believed that represents PepT1 sheep. In (n = 5) lactating Holstein cows 3), hybridization observed with omasum, rumen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum. The estimated...

Three balance trials, each involving 12 crossbred gilts averaging 35.2 kg body weight, were conducted to determine the effects of dietary fiber and virginiamycin on nutrient digestibility, mineral absorption retention, digesta rate passage (RP). Two levels (13.5 20.2% neutral detergent fiber) two (0 11 ppm) used in a 2 × factorial arrangement treatments. All diets isonitrog-enous isocaloric. The RP was determined by observing time required for change feces color after addition .5% chromic...

Broiler litter samples were obtained from several houses in the main broiler producing areas of Virginia and analyzed for Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, penicillin, neomycin, zinc bacitracin, nicarbazin, amprolium, arsenic copper. Residues all drugs detected with exception neomycin bacitracin. There was considerable variation levels residues drugs. Longissimus muscle, liver kidney fat collected cattle two trials, which fed. copper assays conducted on these samples. Low-level...

The objectives of the research were to study fermentation characteristics and microbial concentration ensiled mixtures different ratios broiler litter corn forage harvested at two stages maturity. Corn each stage maturity was with supplying 15, 30 45% total dry matter mixtures. Untreated containing .5% urea, wet basis, also ensiled. Mixtures in small polyethylene bags 2 kg initial material or large 114 material. Samples representing litter, forage, silages analyzed for various components....

The feasibility of ensiling broiler litter alone or with added moisture was evaluated by measuring fermentation characteristics, nitrogen utilization and ration digestibility. Wood shaving ensiled in small, laboratory silos at levels 15.6 (no water added), 20, 30, 40 50%. Optimum approached 40% moisture, as measured pH lactic acid, acetic acid water-soluble carbohydrates the silages. Coliform bacteria were eliminated 20 to 50% moisture. In a subsequent large-scale study, (22% moisture)...

Two metabolism trials were conducted with 24 crossbred wether lambs. levels of Mg (.1 and .2%) four K (.6, 1.2, 2.4 4.8%) fed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement treatments. Each trial consisted 10-d preliminary period followed by collection feed, feces urine. Increasing dietary resulted linear increase fecal excretion decrease absorption. A large depression absorption occurred when was increased from 1.2 to 2.4% further 4.8%. Lambs the high level (.2%) absorbed retained more (P<.05) total...

This study evaluated the effect of dietary protein composition on mRNA abundance a peptide transporter (peptide 1, PepT1), amino acid (AA) transporters [Na(+)-independent cationic and zwitterionic AA (b(o,+)AT), excitatory 3 (EAAT3), Na(+)-independent Na(+)-dependent neutral 2 (y(+)LAT2), L-type 1 (LAT1), (CAT1)], digestive enzyme (aminopeptidase N) in lines (A B) broilers that differentially express PepT1 (line B > line A). From d 8 to 15 posthatch, birds were fed diets. Protein sources...

In a 36-d experiment, 32 pigs were depleted of Zn (24 d) using soy-isolate (basal) diet (17 mg/kg Zn) and then fed the basal (12 supplemented with 45 from ZnSO4 (purified zinc sulfate dry powder, ZnSO4.nH2O) or amino acid chelate (ZnAAC) to study effectiveness these dietary sources in restoring serum soft tissue concentrations. Concurrently, nondepleted pair-fed both Zn-supplemented diets (eight per diet) throughout experiment. Serum concentrations alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity no...

Intestinal development during late embryogenesis and early post-hatch has a long-term influence on digestive absorptive capacity in chickens. The objective of this research was to obtain global view intestinal solute carrier (SLC) gene family member expression from until 2 weeks with focus SLC genes involved uptake sugars amino acids. Small intestine samples male chicks were collected embryonic days 18 (E18) 20 (E20), day hatch 1, 3, 7 14 post-hatch. profiles 162 belonging 41 families...

Various methods of processing broiler litter were evaluated. Treatments found to be effective for pasteurization dry heating at 150 C 20 min; autoclaving 10 min or longer; depths .6 2.5 cm following addition 1 4 g paraformaldehyde (PFA) per 100 litter; and ethylene oxide (ETO) fumigation a minimum 30 minutes. Uric acid nitrogen was lowered (P < .01) by heat, alone in combination with PFA. Autoclaving PFA followed heat NPN. Ammonia reduced most the pasteurizing treatments except A metabolism...

Studies were conducted to investigate the nutritive value and palatability of ensiled broiler litter corn forage for ruminants. Corn forage, cut at two stages maturity, was untreated, with .5% urea (wet basis), levels supply 15 30% total dry matter. All mixtures appeared ensile properly. The silages fed sheep in metabolism trials study digestibility, nitrogen utilization voluntary matter intake. matter, crude protein ash higher containing both maturities. Dry digestibility averaged 64.5%...

Absorption of dietary protein can be mediated through the uptake AA as free or small peptides. A H+-coupled, peptide transport protein, PepT1, is responsible for absorption peptides arising from digestion proteins in intestine. The magnitude and nutritional significance PepT1 are unknown many food-producing animals; thus, objective this study was to clone determine functional characteristics pig (pPepT1). Two cDNA-encoding pPepT1 were isolated, which contain alternative polyadenylation...