Myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) contribute to failed regeneration in the CNS. The intracellular signaling pathways through which MAIs block axonal repair remain largely unknown. Here, we report that kinase GSK3β is directly phosphorylated and inactivated by MAIs, consequently regulating protein–protein interactions are critical for myelin-dependent inhibition. Inhibition of mimics neurite outgrowth inhibitory effect myelin. effects myelin not additive indicating a major effector MAIs....

Soft-tissue sarcomas spread predominantly to the lung and it is unclear how often FDG-PET scans will detect metastases not already obvious by chest CT scan or clinical examination. Adult limb body wall soft-tissue sarcoma cases were identified retrospectively. Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, GIST, desmoid tumors, visceral bone retroperitoneal excluded as patients imaged for followup, response assessment, recurrence. All had a diagnostic scan. 109 met these criteria, 87% of which...

A 57-year-old man with metastatic melanoma developed colitis secondary to ipilimumab, a known immune-related adverse event (irAE). The patient then received pembrolizumab immunotherapy, an anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody. Restaging FDG PET/CT study following 3 cycles of therapy demonstrated diffuse increased uptake throughout the body pancreas associated fat stranding in peripancreatic region, suggestive pembrolizumab-induced pancreatitis. Although was clinically...

Myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) contribute to failed regeneration after neuronal injury. MAIs CSPGs stimulate intracellular signals including the activation of RhoA Rho kinase block axonal extension through targeted modifications cytoskeleton. ROCK are promising targets for therapeutic intervention promote CNS repair; however, their ubiquitous expression will limit specificity drugs these molecules. We have identified cytosolic phosphoprotein...

Abstract CNS myelin inhibits axon growth due to the expression of several growth‐inhibitory proteins, including myelin‐associated glycoprotein, oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and Nogo. Myelin‐associated inhibitory proteins activate rho GTPase in responsive neurons. Rho kinase (ROCK) has been implicated as a critical effector this pathway ability pharmacological inhibitor Y‐27632 circumvent myelin‐dependent inhibition. Y‐27632, however, activity additional kinases. Using three independent...

FDG PET studies frequently use the liver as an internal reference organ to assess significance of uptake in pathologic processes involving other organs. The purpose this study was whether hepatic steatosis has a significant effect on standardized value (SUV) liver.This prospective case-control analyzed PET/CT scans patients with frank unenhanced CT portion study. Maximum SUVs (corrected for both body weight [SUV(bw)] and lean mass [SUV(lbm)]) 37 were compared those control without...

Abstract A 41-year-old woman presented with 2 months history of right submandibular swelling. Biopsy revealed neuroblastoma (NB). Patient was referred for staging PET/CT scan. We compared the findings 18 F-DOPA and F-FDG scans. Both imaging modalities were positive in patient; however, tumor delineation superior PET/CT. Tumor uptake FDG significantly higher than DOPA. Follow-up scan postsurgery showed local recurrent NB their metastases avidly concentrate FDG. present a very rare case adult...

A 46-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative sestamibi parathyroid scan was referred for 18 F-fluorocholine ( F-FCH) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) to help localize adenoma. FCH PET/CT identified a hyperfunctioning gland in the left neck. In addition, there unusually intense unilateral uptake right breast corresponding dense soft tissue. Upon further questioning, patient admitted breastfeeding past year exclusively from breast. Breast MRI showed no abnormal...

A 75-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of an enlarging mass in the left parotid gland. Biopsy revealed plasmacytoma, and patient was referred for staging 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate presence multiple myeloma bone involvement. The scan showed intense FDG uptake neck but no FDG-avid lymphadenopathy or distant metastases. Plasmacytoma involving gland is extremely rare. We present imaging solitary plasmacytoma.

A 29-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of left hip pain. Radiography and CT demonstrated 6-cm lytic lesion the acetabulum. F-18 FDG PET for staging biopsy-proven malignant PEComa intense hypermetabolism corresponding to The patient underwent hemipelvectomy reconstructive surgery. On follow-up scan 3 months after initial surgery, lung pleural-based 9-mm nodule (SUVmax 4.1) was discovered pathologically proven be metastases from primary osseous PEComa.

Abstract A 49-year-old man presented for routine general physical examination was found with an enlarged prostate gland without associated symptoms. Ultrasound followed by computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis confirmed a markedly heterogeneous gland. Subsequently, staging flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission (PET/CT) scan revealed intensely FDG-avid mass involving the prostate, which biopsied as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The patient treated...

A 44-year-old woman with recurrent parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) presents moderately elevated hormone and ionized calcium levels. Dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI SPECT study of the neck chest demonstrated 2 new foci in keeping neoplastic seeding. restaging whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT showed no evidence FDG uptake region MIBI-positive or any distant metastases. The role for imaging PTC is still somewhat limited because rarity this disease. We present a case highlighting potential pitfall PET detecting PTC.

Abstract A 63-year-old man with elevated prostate-specific antigen serum levels and enlarged prostate gland underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy, which did not reveal any evidence of malignancy. In order to help guidance repeat 68 Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen–targeted ligand PET (PSMA PET/CT) was ordered. PET/CT scan showed no abnormal PSMA expression within the gland. There were, however, multiple PSMA-expressing osteolytic lesions throughout axial skeleton. Bone lesion...

Abstract A 54-year-old man with metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas underwent 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan to evaluate treatment response. Patient was known for remote history chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), previously treated. Scan revealed diffusely increased abnormal tracer uptake throughout marrow axial and proximal appendicular skeleton. Bone biopsy relapsed CLL. We present a rare case CLL incidentally detected on PET/CT.

A 76-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer and back pain was referred for palliative radiotherapy. Staging F-fluorocholine PET/CT scan revealed fluorocholine-avid mass, extensive lymphadenopathy, lung nodules, osteolytic lesions throughout the axial skeleton. Prostate bone metastases are predominantly sclerotic in nature. We present imaging of very rare lytic metastases.

We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with history adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) breast. Fifteen years after mastectomy, patient underwent right upper lobectomy for lung mass, and biopsy indicated ACC metastasis. Ten lobectomy, an F-FDG PET/CT was performed restaging to rule out further metastases. observed intense FDG uptake in enlarged polylobulated kidneys, which proven as

A 34-year-old man, who presented with a 10-month history of an enlarging right ankle mass histologically proven to be round cell/myxoid liposarcoma, was referred for F-18 FDG PET/CT scan, which showed heterogenous FDG-positive primary in the and 1.2-cm, FDG-negative, retroperitoneal lipid-attenuating nodule. On follow-up scan done 1 year later, nodules had grown into 11-cm mass, became subsequently confirmed liposarcoma metastasis. We present imaging characteristics this highly unusual case...

An 84-year-old man with history of left forehead melanoma was found on a restaging F-FDG PET/CT scan hypermetabolic lung nodules and mildly FDG-avid soft tissue nodule posterior to the umbilicus. Biopsy right lower lobe revealed metastatic melanoma. Follow-up posttreatment showed complete resolution unchanged FDG uptake at level Review patient's medical remote umbilical hernia repair. We present case postsurgical plugoma mimicking appearance metastasis PET/CT.

A 69-year-old man with remote gastric pull-up was evaluated a 2-day stress-rest dypiridamole Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging, where significant tracer uptake noted in the posterior mediastinum related to enterogastric reflux of sestamibi. These ancillary findings were suggestive noncardiac etiology patient's atypical chest pain. This case highlights value examining raw projection images for incidental that may be present during imaging.