Conventional damascene electroplating uses a combination of organic additives, namely, suppressor, an accelerator, and leveler, to achieve superconformal fill interconnects. This work demonstrates alternative mechanism that produces bottom-up cobalt deposition through pH suppressor gradient formation within the patterned features. The was investigated using voltammetric electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements. results show local affects both rate current efficiency for...

High quality perovskite films processed using only green solvents in a high humidity atmosphere.

Due to its excellent chemical stability, high temperature resistance and mechanical properties, alumina porous ceramic was the first choice of production microfiltration membrane support body material. In this paper, prepared by as main materials adding proper amount adhesives sintering additives. Effects kinds addition pore formers, such starch, graphite carbon-black, on properties studied. The porosity fired samples evaluated Archimedes law. were characterized scanning electron microscopy...

The Ta 2 O 5 -based ceramics were prepared by dry pressing/sintering technique using and Al 3 as the starting materials. present work investigated effect of alumina (Al ) additions on composition, microstructure, thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) bending strength ceramics. samples was measured dilatometry method. It found that can effectively inhibit β to α phase transformation in Orthorhombic AlTaO 4 minor formed when 2.5 7.0 wt% added. addition results obvious change TEC an increase...

With the rapid development of world's industrial, issues energy and environment have increasingly been prominent. Currently, cost building ceramics production needs a large number raw materials fuel, how to save reduce consumption in ceramic process is still hot spot domestic international research main trends. Reducing sintering temperature one most efficient ways for conservation consumption. In order temperature, fluxing agents are often used preparing products. this paper, green bodies...

Ni–SiC p composite coatings were synthesised by pulse electrocodeposition with different duty cycles. The grain size and the SiC particle content found to increase increasing cycle, a maximum microhardness value was obtained at cycle of 50%. Based on results electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, an equivalent circuit model used estimate charge transfer current electrodeposition process peak decrease cycle. An analytical volume fraction equation also applied predict embedded particles in...

During graphene oxide separation process, the effects of process parameters such as centrifugal time and ultrasonic treatment on particle size distribution aqueous dispersion were studied. The results show has narrower smaller nominal effective with increasing from 20 min to 160 min. And there is a critical in obtain oxide. Graphene when 4 h.

The Nb 2 O 5 -Al 3 binary system ceramics were prepared by high temperature solid state reaction sintering, using and Al micro powder as the raw materials. samples characterized XRD, SEM, thermodilatometric analysis mechanical strength measurement. influences of content on phase composition, microstructure, thermal expansion properties bending investigated. Results show shows obvious changes in composition microstructure with addition from 2.5% to 15%. pure ceramic is composed monoclinic ,...

The high sintering temperature of Al 2 O 3 is the main reason cost common ceramic membrane supports. To decrease temperature, kaolin and talc were chosen as aid because reaction between kaolin, Al2O3 generates cordierite. -cordierite porous samples sintered in range 1450~1510°C. microstructure bending strength characterized. results show that content no more than 8%, at 1460°C 1510°C are 77MPa 153MPa, respectively. further increases result porosity. needle-like cordierite locates neck...

C/SiC composite and TC4 alloy were successfully brazed using 70Ag28Cu2Ti (wt. %) as filler metal at 820 °C~920 °C for 5 min ~30 min. The effects of brazing parameters on the microstructures, phase composition, shear strength joints investigated by SEM, XRD. mechanical performances measured a universal testing machine. results show that successful joining owes to interfacial reactions between parent materials, resultantly produce TiC, Ti5Si3 Ti-Cu serial compounds interfaces; structure joint...

Abstract The existence of hard, interbedded formations often prove to be very damaging conventional polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) fixed cutter bit designs, and as a result, may require additional trips replace the for insert roller cone or impregnated diamond. This can represent significant drilling costs operator, equating high per foot if remaining section drilled is short. challenge maintain low cost foot, through use design which both durable enough drill desired interval, at...

Porous acicular mullite ceramic was prepared by in-situ reaction sintering, using clay materials and Al (OH) 3 ) as the raw materials. The influences of different on phase composition, formation grains microstructure porous ceramics were investigated. Results show that metal oxide impurities beneficial for synthesis mullite. from Longyan kaolin with high impurity content has highest 93.5%, composed interlaced slenderness ratio 26.4 large average diameter about 0.7μm when sintered 1400°C 2h....

In order to develop porous ceramics with high strength and corrosion resistance as the support for preparation of asymmetric ceramic membranes, ZrO 2 -Al O 3 composite is designed fabricated by adding Zr(OH) 4 .as sintering aid. The content , temperature bending before after are discussed. results shows that 10wt% -10wt% -80wt%Al bar cold press porosity 32% can be in 1550°C h. 111.2MPa. After corrosion, quality lose no more than 1%. tubular suit micro-filtration membrane.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium with negatively charged character was used as functional layer of polyetherimide (PEI) ultrafiltration membrane. The preparation parameter such CMC concentration, cross-linking agent concentration and curing temperature are studied in detail. When the composite membrane prepared under optimized conditions tested at 0.4 MPa 20 °C, flux NF about 3 L/m 2 h MgCl rejection it 87%. showed classical which had higher to high valent anion.

Due to low water absorption, high bending strength and abrasion resistance, excellent chemical frost porcelain building ceramic tiles are the highest increase in production sales over all other kind of materials. In this paper, was prepared by a fast firing process rare earth tailings as main raw material, fused sand Zhuji et al mixture. Effects temperature forming pressure on sintering behavior mechanical property were studied. The fired samples evaluated linear shrinkage absorption....

Ca0.6Mg0.4Zr4(PO4)6 coating was used as environmental barrier coatings (EBC) to improve the alkali corrosion resistance of SiC ceramic at high temperature. A new sol-gel based process has been developed for preparing quality and thick C0.6M0.4ZP on with once deposition. The prepared is homogeneous dense, shows a thickness about 200 μm when sintered 1400 °C 3h. effectiveness in improving evaluated SEM microstructural analysis, mass change flexural strength measurements after being subjected...

Summary Aiming at the problems of slow drilling speed, low service life, and poor stability conventional polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits in deep formations that are difficult to drill, a new annular-grooved PDC bit is proposed. The adopts discontinuous tooth arrangement set cutters, circumferential annular groove around center on body form fragile convex ridge bottom well, improving bit’s ability invade formation its rock-breaking efficiency. Combined with characteristics Shapai...

Highly permeable porous alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) hollow fiber membranes have been developed by a combined phase inversion and sintering technique. Ethanol substituting for water was used as the external coagulant in order to prepare Al with low trans-membrane resistance. The prepared show special asymmetric structure an outer skin layer, highly inner surface sub-layer composed of long large finger-like pores. influences temperature on average pore size, N permeability bending strength were...

Acicular mullite porous ceramics were synthesis by high-temperature sintering technique. In the present work, Kaolin and industrial aluminum hydroxide selected as raw materials, AlF 3 used catalyst. XRD SEM to detect crystal type microstructure of prepared ceramics, respectively. The influences temperature on growth crystal, apparent porosity compressive strength resulting investigated. results indicate when ranges from 1250 ~ 1400°C, much acicular appeared in ceramics. porosity, morphology...

The process optimization and characteristics of electrode-biofilm for the treatment copper pickling wastewater in self-designed reactor were experimentally investigated. Carbon electrodes installed as anode cathode denitrifying microorganisms fixed on surface cathode. results showed that neutralization, ion removal, denitrification proceeded simultaneously no secondary pollution existed. removal rate total nitrogen effluent water reached 98% 97% at 30mg/L concentration 100mg/L nitrate when...