Abstract Orofacial clefts are among the most common types of birth defects, but their clinical presentation has not been well described in a geographically diverse US population. To describe prevalence and phenotype nonsyndromic clefts, we used data from National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), multi‐site, population‐based, case‐control study aimed at identifying genetic environmental risk factors for defects. Included were infants born during 1997–2004 with cleft lip (CL), palate...

Abstract Background Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest associations between environmental contaminants some anomalies, although evidence is limited. Methods We used data from the C alifornia enter N ational B irth D efects P revention S tudy hildren's H ealth A ir ollution to estimate odds 27 congenital heart defects with respect quartiles seven ambient air pollutant traffic exposures in during first 2 months pregnancy, 1997–2006 ( n =...

Abstract BACKGROUND Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect of unknown etiology. The aims the current report were to extend literature on descriptive epidemiology CDH and determine whether its mortality rate decreased in California during study period. METHODS Using data from large population‐based registry, we ascertained 631 cases 1989 1997. We also classified as isolated or nonisolated based presence type major accompanying malformations. Approximately 2.5 million...

A simple and robust 24-pulse diode rectifier for low-voltage high-current applications is proposed in this paper. The consists of a conventional four-star 12-pulse an auxiliary single-phase full-wave (ASFR) installed at dc side. low-power (3.4%Po) ASFR extracts two rectangular currents from the modified second-stage interphase transformer injects square current into output system. This modification extends operation to operation. draws near sinusoidal input line with absence 5th, 7th, 11th,...

Background: Nitrate is a widespread groundwater contaminant and leading cause of drinking water quality violations in California. Associations between nitrate exposure select adverse birth outcomes have been suggested, but few studies examined gestational exposures to risk preterm (before 37 wk gestation). Objective: We investigated the association elevated spontaneous through within-mother retrospective cohort study births Methods: acquired over 6 million certificate records linked with...

A 12-pulse diode bridge rectifier is often used in high-power rectification. However, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of input line current does not meet IEEE-519 standard. In order to reduce harmonics an acceptable level, we use a two-stage auxiliary circuit at dc side eliminate actively. The effect circuit's parameter on system performance analyzed first, which indicates necessity applying circuit. front-stage plays role producing circulating cancel harmonics, and back stage adjusts...

There is a well-described association between maternal diabetes mellitus and risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Although the clinical diagnoses type 2 or gestational are strong factors for CHD, subclinical abnormalities glucose insulin metabolism common within general population could also confer CHD. We hypothesize that continuous measures blood analytes related to odds cardiac malformations.

Experimental evidence suggests pesticides may be associated with hypospadias.Examine the association of hypospadias residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications.The study population included male infants born from 1991 2004 mothers residing in 8 California counties. Cases (n = 690) were ascertained by Birth Defects Monitoring Program; controls selected randomly birth 2195). We determined early pregnancy exposure applications within a 500-m radius mother's address,...

In order to improve the harmonic reduction ability of 12-pulse rectifier, an active interphase reactor (AIPR) and corresponding auxiliary circuit are often used produce circulating current resulting in reduction. This paper analyzes load adaptability rectifier with AIPR. The loads classified into three types, RL-type load, RC-type RLC-type load. Load currents calculated under different types. According calculation results, THD input line ripple coefficient voltage also described by figures...

Background We examined associations of birth defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in California. Subjects included 367 cases representing five types and 785 nonmalformed controls born 1997 2006. Methods Associations any versus no exposure physicochemical groups pesticides specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for covariates. Overall, 46% 38% classified as exposed within a 500 m radius mother's address during...

Recent studies report an association between preterm birth and exposure to unconventional oil gas wells. There has been limited previous study on conventional wells, which are common in California. Our objective was determine whether well sites associated with increased odds of spontaneous (delivery at <37 weeks).

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) is a famous Asian medicine. Ginsenoside Rc component isolated from ginseng.This study evaluates the effect of ginsenoside on myocardial ischaemic injury.Male Swiss mice were subcutaneously injected with 50 mg/kg isoproterenol once day for three days. (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered 1 h after injection. The in control group normal saline and given 0.5% CMC-Na. CK-MB troponin T assayed. Histopathological examination myocardium...

<b>Objective</b> To examine maternal dietary intake and preterm delivery. <b>Study Design</b> Data included 5738 deliveries from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Odds ratios (ORs) reflected risks of delivery at <32, 32–34, or 35–36 versus ≥37 weeks for in lowest highest quartile nutrient compared with middle two. <b>Results</b> Among < 32 weeks, many ORs were ≥1.5 ≤0.7, but few confidence intervals excluded one. quartiles protein, thiamin, riboflavin, choline, vitamin A,...

Prevalence of gastroschisis has inexplicably been increasing over the past few decades. Our intent was to explore whether early gestational exposures pesticides were associated with risk gastroschisis.We used population-based data, accompanied by detailed information from maternal interviews as well on residential proximity a large number commercial pesticide applications during pregnancy. The study population derived San Joaquin Valley California (). Cases 156 infants/fetuses and controls...

The delta-connected autotransformer with π/6 phase-shift angle is widely used in the multipulse rectifier when output voltage of approximately equal to its input voltage. If slightly greater than voltage, equivalent kilovoltampere (kVA) rating increases rapidly, and each core limb has five windings. increase winding number will asymmetry manufacture difficulty autotransformer. Therefore, not suitable boost application. This paper analyzes effect three windings on line current, kVA proposes a...

Abstract BACKGROUND In this study we investigated whether the risk of delivering infants with conotruncal heart defects was increased among mothers who consumed alcohol during periconceptional period (i.e., 1 month before conception to 3 months after conception). METHODS Data were obtained from a population‐based case‐control California births 1987–1988. Information concerning consumption via telephone interviews 207 (87% eligibles) case and 481 (76%) nonmalformed control infants. RESULTS...

Few population-based epidemiologic data are available on malformation phenotypes that co-occur with orofacial clefts. We explored the occurrence of structural congenital malformations in offspring cleft palate (CP) and lip or without CP (CLP), using from a active surveillance system. Ascertainment was performed among 3548991 liveborn 23239 stillborn California women who delivered nonmilitary hospitals during period, 1983-1997. Structural were found 91888 births. Among them, 2343 had 4072...

BACKGROUND Birth defects are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest associations between environmental contaminants some structural anomalies, although evidence is limited several anomalies have not been investigated previously. METHODS We used data from the California Center National Defects Prevention Study Children's Health Air Pollution to estimate odds 26 congenital birth defect phenotypes with respect quartiles seven ambient air pollutant traffic exposures...