Methane (CH4), as a important source of greenhouse gases from paddy ecosystem was overestimated under multi-year straw incorporation. However, how CH4 can be affected by incorporation different water-saving techniques is little known. In this study, the effects years and irrigation regime on emission its potential mechanism in Mollisols were investigated conducting in-situ experiment. The following 4 treatments included: controlled + for 1 year (C1), 5 consecutive (C5), flooded (F1) (F5)....

The comprehensive greenhouse effect depends on the trade-off between gas (GHG) emissions and soil organic carbon sequestration (SOCS) of paddy fields. Investigations straw return GHG SOCS under different water management regimes help clarify strategy to alleviate Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted investigate emissions, SOCS, rice yield. fields quantified by calculating emission intensity (GHGI) net (NGHGE). included four treatments: CI: controlled irrigation + removal; FI:...

Long-term intensive tillage has led to soil environment degradation, reduced fertility, difficulty in increasing maize yield, and low nitrogen (N) use efficiency the Mollisol region of northeast China. In order raise yield improve hydrothermal environment, we conducted field experiments investigate effects different practices straw returning on N fertilizer recovery loss, aiming increase both rate. Four treatments were established: flat no-tillage with full mulching (NM), ridge (RM), rotary...

Iron (Fe) and methane (CH4) emissions play crucial roles in the carbon cycling of paddy field ecosystems. However, little is known about effect mechanism Fe transformation on CH4 emission from fields, especially with different water management methods. In this study, dynamic changes forms soil organic content were observed fields under flooded irrigation (FI) water-saving (WSI) (including intermittent (II) controlled (CI)). addition, structural equation model was used to clarify response...

Soil quality is an indicator of the ability to ensure ecological security and sustainable soil usage. The effects long-term straw incorporation different irrigation regimes on yield paddy fields in cold regions remain unclear. This study established four treatments: controlled + continuous for 3 years (C3), 7 (C7), flooded (F3), (F7). Analysis was conducted impact various physicochemical characteristics soil. index (SQI) rice computed using separate datasets each treatment. nitrate nitrogen,...

Climate change refers to the statistically significant changes in mean and dispersion values of meteorological factors. Characterizing potential evapotranspiration (ET0) its climatic causes will contribute estimation atmospheric water cycle under climate change. In this study, based on daily data from 26 stations Heilongjiang Province 1960 2019, ET0 was calculated by Penman–Monteith formula, linear regression method Mann–Kendall trend test were used reveal seasonal inter-annual changing ET0....

Understanding the methods leading to rice yield increase is vital for sustainable agricultural development. Improving harvest index (HI) an important way yield. To explore effects of different water and nitrogen management modes on HI in black soil region Northeast China, a field experiment was conducted 2019 (Y1) 2020 (Y2). Two irrigation methods, conventional flooding (FI) controlled (CI), were established experiment, four application levels (0 kg/ha, 85 110 135 kg/ha) set during entire...

Predicting the impact of future climate change on food security has important implications for sustainable production. The 26 meteorological stations’ data in study area are assembled from four global models under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). maize yield, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa), water use efficiency (WUE) were predicted by calibrated AquaCrop model deficit irrigation (the regulated (RDI) at jointing stage(W1), filling stage(W2)), full (W3)...

Appropriate irrigation schedules could minimize the existing imbalance between agricultural water supply and crop requirements (ETc), which is severely impacted by climate change. In this study, different hydrological years (a wet year, normal dry an extremely year) in Heilongjiang Province were calculated frequency methods. Then, single coefficient method was used to calculate maize ETc, based on daily meteorological data of 26 stations from 1960 2020. Afterward, CROPWAT model effective...

For agricultural production, improving the rice harvest index (HI) through management practices is a major means to enhance water and N utilization efficiency yield. Both irrigation regimes nitrogen (N) rates are important aspects of practices. However, it unclear how HI affected by N. This study aimed clarify mechanism underlying response N, explore most suitable water-saving reduction ensure A two-year (2021~2022) field experiment was conducted on Mollisols in Northeast China. In this...

Single-beam (He+ or H+) and sequential-beam (He+/H+ H+/He+) irradiation of reduced-activation martensitic steels at 450°C was carried out to investigate helium/hydrogen synergistic effects on the microstructure steels. After helium implantation, a very low density bubbles observed. No void observed after hydrogen implantation. For He+/H+ irradiation, number increased rapidly dose, average size higher dose. Helium were also found in H+/He+ irradiated specimen, but its swelling smaller than...

Straw incorporation has a variety of impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, few studies have focused the effects multi-year straw incorporation. In this study, field experiment was established to study and water-saving irrigation GHG emissions in cold region Northeast China. The following four treatments were included: (i) controlled (CI) with 1-year (C1), (ii) 5-year (C5), (iii) flooded (FI) (F1), (iv) (F5). fluxes N2O, CO2, CH4 measured by static chamber–gas chromatography...

As a widely implemented irrigation regime for paddy fields, water-saving (WSI) is capable of ensuring water resource security and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Higher gaseous losses (GNL) lead to low recovery rate basal nitrogen, this the primary reason that restricts further improvements in NUE under WSI. The deep placement fertilizer (DPN) considered an efficient agricultural management measure reduce GNL. However, effects WSI combined with on NUE, GNL, rice yield fields remain...

Enhancing irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application has become a vital strategy for ensuring food security in the face of population growth resource scarcity. A 2-year experiment was conducted to determine investigate effects different lower limits amounts on millet growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), N utilization, inorganic accumulation soil 2021 2022. The designed with four limits, corresponding 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% field capacity (FC), referred as I