Arabidopsis thaliana xyloglucan has an XXXG structure, with branches of xylosyl residues, β-d-galacosyl-(1,2)-α-d-xylosyl motifs and fucosylated β-d-galactosyl-(1,2)-α-d-xylosyl motifs. Most the enzymes involved in biosynthesis have been identified, including glucan synthase CSLC4 (cellulose synthase-like C4), three xylosyltransferases (XXT1, XXT2 XXT5), two galactosyltransferases (MUR3 XLT2) fucosyltransferase FUT1. The XXTs form homo- heterocomplexes were proposed to co-localize same...

The healthy heart has a dynamic capacity to respond and adapt changes in nutrient availability. Diabetes mellitus disrupts this metabolic flexibility promotes cardiomyopathy through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK-2) is primary regulator of cardiac glycolysis substrate selection, yet its regulation under normal pathological conditions unknown. This study was undertaken determine how insulin signaling affect PFK-2 content, activity,...

Objective Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has become the treatment of choice for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngolaryngeal cancers in many centers. Although it increased rates organ preservation, there also been an increase treatment‐related complications. We aimed to evaluate functional outcomes CCRT head neck cancer. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary cancer center. Subjects Methods A retrospective study patients treated at University Arkansas Medical Sciences...

Xyloglucan, the most abundant hemicellulosic component of primary cell wall flowering plants, is composed a β-(1,4)-glucan backbone decorated with d-xylosyl residues. Three xyloglucan xylosyltransferases (XXTs) participate in biosynthesis Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Two these, XXT1 and XXT2, have been shown to be active vitro, whereas catalytic activity XXT5 has yet demonstrated. By optimizing XXT2 expression prokaryotic system vitro assay conditions, we demonstrate that...

The healthy heart has a dynamic capacity to respond and adapt changes in nutrient availability. Metabolic inflexibility, such as occurs with diabetes, increases cardiac reliance on fatty acids meet energetic demands, this results deleterious effects, including mitochondrial dysfunction, that contribute pathophysiology. Enhancing glucose usage may mitigate metabolic inflexibility be advantageous under conditions. Here, we sought identify how function metabolism are affected transgenic mouse...

Cardiac energy is produced primarily by oxidation of fatty acids and glucose, with the relative contributions each nutrient being sensitive to changes in substrate availability energetic demand. A major contributor cardiac metabolic flexibility pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts glucose-derived acetyl-CoA within mitochondria. PDH inhibited phosphorylation dependent on competing activities kinases (PDK1-4) phosphatases (PDP1-2). single high-fat meal increases PDK4 content...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with an increase in oxidative stress. However, antioxidant therapy has shown a limited capacity to mitigate disease pathology. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and clearance must be better defined. objective this study was determine how insulin affects superoxide radical (O2•-) levels. O2•- evaluated adult cardiomyocytes isolated from control Akita (type 1 diabetic) mice by spin-trapping...

The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative risk factors in patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty as well any increased complication older than 60 years mammoplasty.The American College Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from 2013-2015 reviewed. Patients were identified using Current Procedural Terminology code 19318 specific for mammoplasty. Only bilateral procedures included, and no reconstructive included. Patient demographics, comorbidities, 30-day...

MINI: This retrospective case series investigated paraspinous flaps for coverage of complex spinal wounds. 6.90% patients developed postoperative wound infections and 0.00% required instrumentation removal infection. suggests that these may offer a long-term solution in management with repeated operations.Retrospective series.To investigate the efficacy complication profile use muscle closure wounds.Paraspinous flap offers an innovative option difficult-to-manage post-spinal surgery Current...

In dicotyledonous plants, xyloglucan (XyG) is the most abundant hemicellulose of primary cell wall. The enzymes involved in XyG biosynthesis have been identified through reverse-genetics and activity was characterized by heterologous expression. Currently, there no information on atomic structures or amino acids substrate binding any Golgi-localized biosynthetic enzymes. A homology model xylosyltransferase 2 (XXT2) catalytic domain built basis crystal structure A64Rp. Molecular dynamics...

Cell walls are essential components of plant cells which perform a variety important functions for the different cell types, tissues and organs plant. Besides mechanical function providing shape, participate in intercellular communication, defense during plant-microbe interactions, growth. The wall consists predominantly polysaccharides with addition structural glycoproteins, phenolic esters, minerals, lignin, associated enzymes. Alterations composition created through either changes...

The National Resident Matching Program and Electronic Residency Application Service provide data for tracking trends among applicants in each specialty over the past 5 years. purpose of this study was to examine information determine sex race/ethnicity distribution years.The databases were surveyed following categories: number positions, applicants, percent per position, by self-identified race/ethnicity. This analyzed graphically visual representation changes field.While there has been a...

Mental health remains a significant challenge of public worldwide. With increasing popularity online platforms, many use the platforms to share their mental conditions, express feelings, and seek help from community counselors. Some these such as Reachout, are dedicated forums where users register help. Others Reddit provide subreddits publicly but anonymously post distress. Although posts varying length, it is beneficial short, informative summary for fast processing by To facilitate...

Objective There is continued debate as to whether perform a neck dissection planned vs “wait and see” procedure in patients with head cancer treated chemoradiotherapy. In this study we aimed review our results help the decision making process. Method A retrospective of 140 oropharyngeal cases chemoradiotherapy was performed. Demographic data treatment outcomes were extracted. The who underwent dissections selected evaluated how made; included clinical examination, imaging studies, fine...

Objective Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has become the treatment of choice for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngolaryngeal cancers in many centers. Although it increased rates organ preservation, there also been an increase treatment‐related complications. We aimed to evaluate functional outcomes chemoRT head neck cancer. Method A retrospective study patients treated with at University Arkansas Medical Sciences was performed. Demographic data were extracted, specifically feeding tube tracheotomy...