Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis, and it the sole member genus Hepevirus in family Hepeviridae. The open reading frame 1 (ORF1) protein HEV encodes nonstructural polyprotein with putative domains for methyltransferase, cysteine protease, helicase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It not yet known whether ORF1 functions as single multiple or processed to form separate functional units. On basis amino acid conserved motifs, has been grouped into superfamily (SF-1)....

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an insect borne (genus: Alphavirus) which causes acute febrile illness in humans followed by a prolonged arthralgic disease that affects the joints of extremities. Re-emergence form outbreaks last 6–7 years has posed serious public health problem. CHIKV positive sense single stranded RNA genome about 12,000 nt. Open reading frame 1 viral encodes polyprotein precursor, nsP1234, processed further into different non structural proteins (nsP1, nsP2, nsP3 and nsP4)....

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRp) domains. sequence analysis showed two consensus LXGG cleavage sites at 664 1205. is recognized by viral cellular deubiquitinating enzymes. The encompassing the predicted MetT-PCP domains of HEV was tested for activity using fluorogenic substrates - ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), IFN-stimulated gene 15...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has a positive-sense RNA genome with 5'-m7G cap. HEV open reading frame 1 (ORF1) encodes polyprotein multiple enzyme domains required for replication. helicase is nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) the ability to unwind duplexes in 5'-to-3' direction. When incubated 5'-[gamma-(32)P]RNA and 5'-[alpha-(32)P]RNA, released (32)P only from 5'-[gamma-(32)P]RNA, showing specificity gamma-beta-triphosphate bond. Removal of gamma-phosphate 5' end primary transcripts (pppRNA...

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne with long history of recurring epidemics transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes. rapid spread CHIKV has intensified the need for potent vaccines. Escherichia coli (E.coli), vital part human gut microbiota, utilized in recombinant DNA technology cloning. However, its high adaptability can lead to severe infections humans. This study aimed develop candidate dual vaccine against and E. coli. For this, we expressed E2 protein Rosetta Bl21 cells...

The ongoing quest to improve protein production efficiency, quality, and versatility fuels the exploration of novel expression systems. In this research, we explored potential axenically culturable Acanthamoeba as an alternative for producing recombinant eukaryotic proteins. We constructed plasmid vectors utilizing TBP promoter facilitate within protozoan system. Our primary objectives were develop efficient transfection method assess capacity castellanii glycoprotein expression. initial...

Cancer treatment using siRNA based therapies pose various limitations such as off-target effects and degradation due to lack of specific delivery in desired cells. The aim the present study was develop multifunctional targeted nanoconstructs, which can efficiently precisely deliver silence gene interest LHRH overexpressing cancer Herein, we report development triblock, PAMAM-histidine-PEG dendritic nanoconstructs functionalized with triptorelin (an analog) for breast (MCF-7) prostate (LNCaP)...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, generally causes self-limiting acute viral hepatitis, although chronic HEV infection has recently become significant clinical problem in immunocompromised individuals, especially solid-organ transplant recipients. Innate immunity, via the type I interferon (IFN) response, plays an important role during initial stages of infection. IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), IFN-induced ubiquitin-like protein, is known to have...

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a clinically important positive-sense RNA virus. The ORF1 of HEV encodes nonstructural polyprotein 1,693 amino acids. It not clear whether the (pORF1) processed into distinct enzymatic domains. Many researchers have attempted to understand mechanisms pORF1 processing. However, these studies gave various results and could never convincingly establish mechanism In this study, we demonstrated possible role thrombin factor Xa in We observed that bears...

ABSTRACT The mechanism of hepatitis E virus (HEV) replication remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that HEV requires an active ubiquitin-proteasome system and proteasome inhibitors affect replication, possibly by inhibition viral transcription or/and translation without a significant effect on cellular translation. Overexpression ubiquitin in inhibitor-treated cells partially reverses the inhibitor replication. results suggest interactions with machinery, which could be potential...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) induces interferons and regulates the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in host cell. HEV infection has been shown to promote expression different ISGs, such as ISG15, IFIT1, MX1, RSAD2/Viperin CxCL10, cell culture animal models. Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeat 1 (IFIT1) is an ISG-encoded that inhibits translation viral RNA, having 5'-triphosphate or mRNA lacking 2'-O-methylation on 5'cap. In this study, we found IFIT1 binds RNA...

Host-pathogen interactions are crucial for the successful propagation of pathogens inside host cell. Knowledge between proteins and viral or RNA may provide clues developing novel antiviral strategies. Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a water-borne pathogen that causes acute hepatitis in humans, is responsible epidemics countries. HEV pathology molecular biology have been poorly explored due to lack efficient culture systems. A contemporary approach, better understand infection cycle at level, use...

Hepatitis E viruses (HEV) Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF1) encodes a non-structural polyprotein. In most positive-sense RNA found in animals, this polyprotein is cleaved by viral protease or host protease. However, the mechanism behind processing of HEV remains one controversial questions biology. The role putative difficult to demonstrate. Recent studies have questioned existence and suggested that pORF1 lacks activity. Conversely, also proteases involved blood coagulation cascade, like...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a vector-born alphavirus responsible for chikungunya fever with clinical manifestation of polyarthritis transmitted by Aedes aegypti and albopictus . Establishing viral pathogenesis needs host machinery modulation, the microRNAs (miRNA) modulate cellular to establish infection or inhibit replication. miRNAs are small noncoding RNA that control gene expression. They essential in cell differentiation, growth, development, apoptosis. It also affects disease...