A5087758781- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Ichthyology and Marine Biology
- Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
- Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Food Quality and Safety Studies
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction
- Advanced Vision and Imaging
- Food Safety and Hygiene
- Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Pharmacological Effects and Assays
American Museum of Natural History
2013-2024
New York Institute of Technology
2018-2024
Natural History Museum
2018-2024
Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma (United States)
2022-2023
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
2023
Chinese Academy of Sciences
2023
Harvard University
2023
Ohio University
2023
Yunnan University
2023
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
2022
Factors intrinsic and extrinsic to organisms dictate the course of morphological evolution but are seldom considered together in comparative analyses. Among vertebrates, squamates (lizards snakes) exhibit remarkable developmental variations that parallel their incredible ecological spectrum. However, this exceptional diversity also makes systematic quantification analysis challenging. We present a squamate-wide, high-density morphometric skull across 181 modern extinct species identify...
Most biological membranes are functionally asymmetric. To study biochemical control of cardiac transsarcolemmalion fluxes, it would be obvious advantage to use isolated vesicles sarcolemma which retains the low passive permeability characteristics intact because in such membrane should exhibit its normal asymmetric character with respect enzymic activities. The purpose this investigation was attempt identify a microsomal (membrane vesicular) preparation. We studied activation by Na+ and K+...
Cranial endocasts, or the internal molds of braincase, are a crucial correlate for investigating neuroanatomy extinct vertebrates and tracking brain evolution through deep time. Nevertheless, validity such studies pivots on reliability endocasts as proxy morphology. Here, we employ micro-computed tomography imaging, including diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced CT, three-dimensional geometric morphometric framework to examine both size shape differences between brains two exemplar...
Synopsis Advances in imaging technologies, such as computed tomography (CT) and surface scanning, have facilitated the rapid generation of large datasets high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) specimen reconstructions recent years. The wealth phenotypic information available from these has potential to inform our understanding morphological variation evolution. However, ever-increasing ease compiling 3D created an urgent need for sophisticated methods capturing high-density shape data that...
The field of comparative morphology has entered a new phase with the rapid generation high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) data. With freely available 3D data thousands species, methods for quantifying that harness this rich phenotypic information are quickly emerging. Among these techniques, high-density geometric morphometric approaches provide powerful and versatile framework to robustly characterize shape integration, covariances among morphological traits. These particularly useful...
The Cenozoic diversification of placental mammals is the archetypal adaptive radiation. Yet, discrepancies between molecular divergence estimates and fossil record fuel ongoing debate around timing, tempo, drivers this Analysis a three-dimensional skull dataset for living extinct demonstrates that evolutionary rates peak early attenuate quickly. This long-term decline in tempo punctuated by bursts innovation decreased amplitude over past 66 million years. Social, precocial, aquatic,...
The Haţeg Island fauna of the terminal Late Cretaceous (ca. 71–65 million years ago) Romania is one most unusual dinosaur assemblages in global fossil record. It has long been recognized that many herbivorous dinosaurs from were dwarfed, morphologically aberrant, and/or primitive relative to mainland contemporaries, and these taxa are often considered examples so-called island effect: evolutionary phenomenon by which island-dwelling species dwarfed anatomically modified. Very little,...
Accurate characterization of morphological variation is crucial for generating reliable results and conclusions concerning changes differences in form. Despite the prevalence landmark-based geometric morphometric (GM) data scientific literature, a formal treatment whether sampled landmarks adequately capture shape has remained elusive. Here, I introduce LaSEC (Landmark Sampling Evaluation Curve), computational tool to assess fidelity by landmarks. This task achieved calculating how...
Complex structures, like the vertebrate skull, are composed of numerous elements or traits that must develop and evolve in a coordinated manner to achieve multiple functions. The strength association among phenotypic (i.e., integration), their organization into highly-correlated, semi-independent subunits termed modules, is result pleiotropic genetic correlations generate traits. As such, patterns integration modularity thought be key factors constraining facilitating evolution disparity by...
The accumulation of large datasets and increasing data availability have led to the emergence data-driven paleontological studies, which reveal an unprecedented picture evolutionary history. However, fast-growing quantity complication modalities make processing laborious inconsistent, while also lacking clear benchmarks evaluate collection generation, performances different methods on similar tasks. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely practiced across scientific...
Many modifications to the skull and brain anatomy occurred along lineage encompassing non-avialan theropod dinosaurs modern birds. Anatomical changes endocranium include an enlarged endocranial cavity, relatively larger optic lobes that imply elevated visual acuity, proportionately smaller olfactory bulbs suggest reduced capacity. Here, we use micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging reconstruct its neuroanatomical features from exceptionally well-preserved of Sinovenator changii...
Non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) male Wistar rats develop a cardiomyopathy approximately 9 mo after the onset of condition. This is characterized by reduced contractility, relaxation, cardiac work, and diastolic compliance. Although basis for these defects not completely understood, altered cellular Ca2+ regulation appears to play major role in their development. In both isolated sarcolemmal membrane cardiomyocytes, significant diabetes-linked metabolism were observed. A small, but...
Flutamide, an antiandrogen drug, is widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer. The initial metabolic pathways flutamide are hydroxylation and hydrolysis. It was recently reported that hydrolyzed product, 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamine (FLU-1), further metabolized to <i>N</i>-hydroxy FLU-1, assumed hepatotoxicant. However, esterase responsible hydrolysis has not been characterized. In present study, we found human arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) efficiently using recombinant...
Human arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) is a major esterase responsible for the hydrolysis of clinical drugs such as flutamide, phenacetin, and rifampicin. Thus, AADAC considered to be relevant enzyme in preclinical drug development, but there little information about species differences with AADAC. This study investigated tissue distribution activities In human, mRNA was highly expressed liver gastrointestinal tract, followed by bladder. rat mouse, at highest level, tract kidney. The...
Abstract The degree to which the ontogeny of organisms could facilitate our understanding phylogenetic relationships has long been a subject contention in evolutionary biology. famed notion that ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’ largely discredited, but there remains an expectation closely related undergo similar morphological transformations throughout ontogeny. To test this assumption, we used three‐dimensional geometric morphometric methods characterize cranial morphology 10 extant...
The evolution of flight is a rare event in vertebrate history, and one that demands functional integration across multiple anatomical/physiological systems. neuroanatomical basis for such the role brain assumes behavioural transformations remain poorly understood. We make progress by (i) generating positron emission tomography (PET)-based map activity pigeons during rest flight, (ii) using these maps analysis (iii) interpreting data within macroevolutionary context shaped non-avian...
The ability to consistently and clearly visualize discrete anatomical parts of a specimen is crucial for biological research. For skeletal tissues, classic widely adopted technique uses combination Alizarin red bone Alcian or toluidine blue stains cartilage. Published protocols these have generally been optimized small prenatal specimens; thus, leaving out applications relatively large specimens including somatically mature embryos large-bodied taxa. Here, we present newly refined, detailed...
Phenacetin was withdrawn from the market because it caused renal failure in some patients. Many reports indicated that nephrotoxicity of phenacetin is associated with hydrolyzed metabolite, <i>p</i>-phenetidine. Acetaminophen (APAP), major metabolite phenacetin, also to <i>p</i>-aminophenol, which a nephrotoxicant. However, APAP safely prescribed if used normal therapeutic doses. This background prompted us investigate difference between and hydrolase activities human liver. In this study,...
This paper concerns the voltage dependence of composite loads in power systems. Based upon continuous field measurements by automatic monitoring devices, dynamic responses typical system to sudden changes have been obtained. The parameters a load model evaluated from data, and their day year presented for loads. A constructive approach synthesize characteristics components has discussed comparing synthesized with measured ones.
How do large and unique brains evolve? Historically, comparative neuroanatomical studies have attributed the evolutionary genesis of highly encephalized to deviations along, as well from, conserved scaling relationships among brain regions. However, relative contributions these concerted (integrated) mosaic (modular) processes drivers evolution remain unclear, especially in non-mammalian groups. While proportional sizes been predominant metric used characterize morphology date, we perform a...
Abstract Despite its ubiquity in the natural world, polymorphism is commonly disregarded or poorly sampled phylogenetic analyses due to deliberate sampling strategy, inadequate effort and limited specimen availability. Poor of intraspecific variation engenders differential morphs within polymorphic species, which could generate conflicting tree topologies by altering character‐based affinity among taxa. To assess potential magnitude this impact, Polymorphic Entry Replacement Data Analysis (...