A5060376770- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Immune cells in cancer
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Selenium in Biological Systems
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
2014-2024
University of Milan
2011-2023
Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine
1990-2003
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital
1998
Medical Research Council
1989
Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology
1989
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
1989
BACKGROUND: Nicotinic acetylcholine (Ach) receptors are ligand-gated pentameric ion channels whose main function is to transmit signals for the neurotransmitter Ach in peripheral and central nervous system. However, alpha7 nicotinic receptor has been recently found several non-neuronal cells described as an important regulator of cellular function. Nicotine ACh have reported inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production human macrophages well mouse microglial cultures. In...
B7 is a costimulatory molecule which expressed on antigen-presenting cells and plays pivotal role in T cell activation proliferation. To elucidate mechanisms regulating intracerebral immune responses, expression of was examined cultured microglial brain tissue from control multiple sclerosis patients. Using immunocytochemical polymerase chain reaction techniques, we show that the human embryonic brain. Microglia also bound soluble form receptor CTLA-4 (CTLA-4-Ig). gene binding anti-B7...
Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a sex-biased neurodevelopmental disorder with male to female prevalence of 4:1, characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction restricted-repetitive patterns behavior, interests or activities. Microbiota alterations as well signs neuroinflammation have been also reported ASD. The involvement immune dysregulation ASD further supported evidence suggesting that maternal activation (MIA), especially during early pregnancy,...
Abstract A precise knowledge of the early events inducing maturation resting microglia into a competent APC may help to understand involvement this cell type in development CNS immunopathology. To elucidate whether signals from preactivated T cells are sufficient induce features microglia, adult BALB/c mouse were cocultured with Th1 and Th2 lines DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice examine modulation APC-related molecules Ag-presenting capacity. Upon Ag-specific interaction Th1, but not Th2, cells,...
Abstract The capacity of an early environmental intervention to normalize the behavioural and immunological dysfunctions produced by a stressed pregnancy was investigated. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent three 45‐min sessions per day prenatal restraint stress (PS) on gestation days 11–21, their offspring were assigned either enriched‐environment or standard living cages throughout adolescence [postnatal (pnd) 22–43]. Juvenile from pregnancies had prominent depression...
The effects of intermale aggressive behavior induced by social isolation on the level nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and protein were investigated in central peripheral mouse tissues. A large increase NGF was observed hypothalamus, with no changes cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum. No change levels found heart, spleen, vas deferens, submaxillary salivary gland. cellular localization nervous system situ hybridization. Numerous cells specifically labeled preoptic ventrolateral nuclei as...
Increasing evidence indicates that "functional plasticity" is not solely a neuronal attribute but hallmark of microglial cells, the main brain resident macrophage population. Far from being univocal phenomenon, activation can originate plethora functional phenotypes, encompassing classic M1 proinflammatory and alternative M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes. This concept overturns popular view as synonym neurotoxicity neurogenesis failure in disorders. The characterization programs matter...
J. Neurochem. (2010) 115 , 450–459. Abstract Nucleotides act as early signals for microglial recruitment to sites of CNS injury. As motility and activation can be influenced by several local factors at the site lesion, we investigated effects interferon‐gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) addition mixed glial cell cultures, on migration in response ADP, P2Y12 P2Y1 mRNA expression well an array genes associated with process activation. First, demonstrated,...
Abstract The complex process of microglial activation encompasses several functional states associated either with neurotoxic/antineurogenic or neurotrophic/proneurogenic properties, depending mainly on the extent and nature activating stimuli. Several studies have demonstrated that acute exposure to prototypical agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) confers antineurogenic properties upon cells. Acutely activated microglia ortheir conditioned media (CM) reduce neural stem progenitor cell (NPC)...
Abstract Microglial activation is a dynamic process, central to neuroinflammation, which can have beneficial or pathogenic effects human health. Mitochondria are key players in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, common most brain diseases. To the best of our knowledge on role mitochondria modulation we focused mitochondrial uncoupling protein‐2 ( UCP 2), known control functions be implicated variety physiological pathological processes. In primary microglial cultures, M1...
Following brain injury, microglial cells produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) interleukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 provides an efficient autocrine mechanism for controlling microglia activation. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate cytokine profile of microglia, we examined effects several immunomodulators on TNF production by cultured mouse microglia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was only inducer gene expression secretion. The T helper 1-type...
Maternal obesity has been recognized as a stressor affecting the developing fetal brain, leading to long-term negative outcomes comparable those resulting from maternal psychological stress, although mechanisms have not completely elucidated. In this study, we tested hypothesis that adverse prenatal conditions diverse stress and might affect emotional regulation response in offspring through common pathways, with main focus on oxidative neuroplasticity. We contrasted compared adolescent male...
The interaction of phosphatidylserine (PS), exposed on the surface apoptotic cells and with its specific receptor (PtdSerR) expressed by microglia, is a crucial event in recognition clearance neurons. Here, we extend our previous studies which PS-liposomes mimicking were used to investigate functional role PS-PtdSerR interactions microglial state. Purified rat either incubated PC12 maintained complete medium (healthy), staurosporine or serum deprivation (apoptotic), treated hydrogen peroxide...