Extensive work over the past decade has shown that race can bias perceptions and responses to threat. However, previous focused almost exclusively on men overlooked how gender interaction of influence decisions regarding use force. In current article, two studies examine implications (Study 1) both 2) for shoot criminal suspects a computerized simulation. Study 1, participants were biased away from shooting White female compared male suspects. 2, showed pronounced toward Black but women...

Results from 4 experiments suggest that power motivates heightened perceptions and expectations of sexual interest subordinates. Having over a member the opposite sex activated concepts persisted across temporal delay, indicating activation mating goal (Study 1). increased participants' subordinate 2) but only when was attainable (i.e., romantically available; Study 3). In face-to-face interaction between 2 participants, sexualized behavior among participants with chronically active goals...

The present work explored the influence of emergency severity on racial bias in helping behavior. Three studies placed participants staged emergencies and measured differences speed quantity help offered to Black White victims. Consistent with predictions, as level increased, quality victims relative decreased. In line authors' predictions based an integration aversive racism theory arousal: cost-reward perspective prosocial behavior, severe elicited high levels aversion from helpers, these...

Antiprejudice norms and attempts to conceal racial bias have made Whites' positive treatment of minorities attributionally ambiguous. Although some believe positivity is genuine, others are suspicious motives their kindness primarily motivated by desires avoid appearing prejudiced. For those motives, smiles may paradoxically function as threat cues. To the extent that cue among minorities, we hypothesized would explicitly perceive threatening (Study 1), automatically orient smiling White-as...

Leading up to the 2008 U.S. election, pundits wondered whether Whites, particularly in Southern states, were ready vote for a Black president. The present paper explores how common symbol—the Confederate flag—impacted willingness Barack Obama. We predicted that exposure flag would activate negativity toward Blacks and result lowered As predicted, participants primed with reported less Obama than those neutral symbol. did not affect White candidates. In second study, evaluated hypothetical...

Whites’ nonprejudiced behavior toward racial/ethnic minorities can be attributionally ambiguous for perceivers, who may wonder whether the was motivated by a genuine internal commitment to egalitarianism or externally desires avoid appearing prejudiced others. This article reports development of scale that measures perceptions and external motives avoiding prejudice (Perceived Internal Motivation Scale/Perceived External Scale [PIMS/PEMS]) tests its internal, test–retest, discriminant,...

In six studies ( N = 605), participants made deception judgments about videos of Black and White targets who told truths lies interpersonal relationships. Studies 1a, 1b, 1c, 2, judged that were telling the truth more often than they truth. This bias was predicted by Whites' motivation to respond without prejudice. For participants, however, motives prejudice did not moderate responses (Study 2). Study 3, we found similar effects with a manipulation targets' apparent race. Finally, in 4,...

Throughout society, White people of low socioeconomic status (SES) face prejudice, often from racial ingroup members. The present research tested the distancing effect, which predicts that Whites’ negative reactions to low-SES members are motivated responses perceived threats their personal and group-level status. To cope with threats, psychologically physically distance themselves Whites. Four studies provide converging support for this theorizing. Among participants, Whites elicited...

Introduction: Despite growing evidence that emotion invalidation, termed social pain minimization (SPM), contributes to discrimination's negative effect on mental health and suicidality (Benbow et al., 2022; Kinkel-Ram 2021), it is unclear what elements of support give rise SPM. Is SPM related quantity (e.g., the number providers frequency with which people seek support)? Or, quality active versus passive destructive responses threatened needs) most central SPM? This work addresses these...

Over 10 years of research has illustrated the benefits internal motivation to respond without prejudice (IMS) for regulation and high-quality intergroup contact (see Plant & Devine, 1998). Yet, it is unclear how this develops. The current work tested one route through which feelings acceptance from outgroup members facilitate development IMS. Longitudinally, feeling accepted by predicted increases in IMS across a 15-week period (Study 1). Experimental manipulations also increased toward...

A growing body of research demonstrates that power promotes a fundamental orientation toward approach and agency. The current studies suggest this tendency is moderated by dispositional anxiety. In two experiments, high levels anxiety blocked the psychological effects power. Although people low in responded to prime with greater willingness take risks, those did not (Experiment 1). Similarly, whereas social increased sexual attraction confederate, individuals failed show same effect 2). both...

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Abstract Workplace weight discrimination is pervasive and harms both individuals organizations. However, despite its negative effects on employees employers, the social psychological processes linking workplace outcomes remain unclear. Rooted in evidence that people regularly dehumanize dismiss emotions of heavier individuals, current work tests one socioemotional pathway professional outcomes: pain minimization (SPM). SPM refers to feelings emotion invalidation when share experiences with...

Objective Discrimination disrupts sleep and contributes to race-based health inequities for Black Americans, but less is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying this relation. The current work tests whether emotion invalidation, termed Social Pain Minimization (SPM), mediates discrimination's negative effects on quality. We focus experiences of Americans because racism's disproportionate effect outcomes individuals in U.S.

The current work examined Black and White people’s expectancies for interracial interactions. Across two studies, we found that people, compared to had more positive past contact, which statistically explained greater self-efficacy This self-efficacy, in turn, contributed less of a desire avoid future interactions (Study 2) partially accounted race differences actual amounts subsequent contact 1). However, participants also heightened concerns about being the target bias interactions,...

Stigmatizing racism has made Whites' kindness attributional ambiguous to people of color (POC). When this ambiguity is experienced in domains where stereotypes are active, POC may experience praise from Whites as a form social identity threat. The current article reviews how predicted respond positivity function their beliefs about motives. To the extent that suspicious motives and chronically discount Whites, positive overtures were be threatening. Evidence suggests most sensitive responses...