We show that the yield ratio of free spectator neutrons produced in high-energy 96Zr+96Zr to 96Ru+96Ru collisions is a clean probe neutron-skin thickness colliding nuclei and slope parameter L symmetry energy. The idea demonstrated based on proton neutron density distributions via state-of-the-art Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculation. Among nucleons given by Glauber model, include those from direct production survive clusterization as well deexcitation heavy clusters described popular...

We propose to use spectator particle yield ratios probe the configuration of α clusters in 12C and 16O by their ultracentral collisions at RHIC LHC energies. The idea is illustrated based on initial density distributions with various α-cluster configurations generated a microscopic cluster model, without from mean-field calculations. multifragmentation matter produces more light nuclei including chain structure clusters, compared those compact structure. ratio free neutrons particles...

Machine learning offers a powerful framework for validating and predicting atomic mass. We compare three improved neural network methods representation extrapolation mass prediction. The method, adopting macroscopic-microscopic approach treating complex nuclear effects as output labels, achieves superior accuracy in AME2020, yielding much lower root-mean-square deviation of 0.122 MeV the test set, significantly than alternative methods. It also exhibits better performance when AME2020 from...

Can relativistic heavy-ion collisions only probe the global shape of colliding nuclei, or their detailed internal structure as well? Taking $^{20}$Ne an example, we attempt to directly its $\alpha$-cluster structure, by comparing experimentally measured observables in at energies from density distributions with and without structure. Since two give same nucleus size deformation, they lead similar mid-rapidity observables. However, may considerably reduce free spectator nucleon yield enhance...

Can relativistic heavy-ion collisions only probe the global shape of colliding nuclei, or their detailed internal structure as well? Taking $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ an example, we attempt to directly its $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-cluster structure, by comparing experimentally measured observables in at energies from density distributions with and without structure. Since two give same nucleus size deformation, they lead similar midrapidity observables. However, may considerably reduce free spectator...

The neutron skin in deformed nuclei is generally not uniformly distributed but has an angular distribution, depending on both the spin-dependent nuclear interaction and symmetry energy. To extract information of skin, we have explored possibility using free spectator nucleons central tip-tip body-body collisions at top RHIC energy with four typical nuclei. density distributions neutrons protons are consistently obtained from Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculation, distribution can be...

Besides the yield ratio of free spectator neutrons produced in ultracentral $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr to $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru collisions, we propose that $N_n/N_p$ protons a single collision system at RHIC and LHC can be more sensitive probe neutron-skin thickness $\Delta r_{\mathrm{np}}$ slope parameter $L$ symmetry energy. The idea is demonstrated based on proton neutron density distributions colliding nuclei obtained from Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations, Glauber model provides...

The conventional quark mass is not continuous at thresholds. In this paper, we derive matchinginvariant masses which are everywhere. They expanded as an obvious function of the logarithmic Lambda scaled energy. expansion coefficients related to original gamma and beta functions, with concretization four loop level. results show that new expressions for converge indeed much faster.

We have investigated the performance of anisotropic flows $\langle v_n^2 \rangle$, transverse momentum fluctuations \delta p_T^2 \rangle $, and their correlations p_T \rangle$ in central collisions at relativistic energies as probes deformation parameters $\beta_n$ colliding nuclei, if these nuclei are light with large different configurations $\alpha$ clusters. The effects from higher-order terms illustrated by derived relations based on overlap two uniform density distributions dynamic...

Abstract We study the QCD topology and axion properties at finite temperature chemical potential in framework of two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. find that behaviors two lowest cumulants topological charge distribution are highly sensitive to critical behavior chiral phase transition. In particular, susceptibility mass follow response condensate potential, showing both quantities decrease monotonically with increment and/or potential. However, it is important note normalized fourth...

Based on the deformed nucleon distributions obtained from constrained Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculation using different nuclear symmetry energies, we have investigated effects of neutron skin and collision geometry yield free spectator nucleons as well ratio $N_n/N_p$ neutrons to protons in collisions nuclei at RHIC energies. We found that tip-tip (body-body) with prolate (oblate) lead fewest nucleons, compared other configurations. While is sensitive average neutron-skin thickness...

We have studied the mechanical and chemical instabilities as well liquid-gas-like phase transition in isospin asymmetric quark matter based on NJL pNJL model. Areas of instability region liquid-gas coexistence are seen to be enlarged with a larger symmetry energy or presence strange quarks. Our study shows that light cluster yield ratio observed relativistic heavy-ion collisions may not affected much by uncertainties effect, favors smooth hadron-quark compact stars their mergers.

With the isovector coupling constants adjusted to reproduce physical pion mass and lattice QCD results in baryon-free quark matter, we have carried out rigourous calculations for condensate 3-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, studied 3-dimensional phase diagram. increasing isospin chemical potential $\mu_I$, observed two nonzero solutions of at finite baryon potentials $\mu_B$, representing respectively superfluid Sarma phase, their appearance disappearance correspond a second-order...

We study the QCD topology and axion properties at finite temperature chemical potential in framework of two-flavor Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio model. find that behaviors two lowest cumulants topological charge distribution are highly sensitive to critical behavior chiral phase transition. In particular, susceptibility mass follow response condensate potential, showing both quantities decrease monotonically with increment and/or potential. However, it is important note normalized fourth cumulant...

Inspired by various studies on extracting the density distributions of nuclei from their collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, in present work we investigate possibility neutron-skin thickness $\Delta r_{np}$ intermediate energies. We have analyzed free neutron-to-proton yield ratio $n/p$ as a candidate probe both midrapidities and forward rapidities peripheral central $^{124}$Sn+$^{124}$Sn based an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model, found that...

Inspired by various studies on extracting the density distributions of nuclei from their collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, in present work we investigate possibility neutron-skin thickness $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{r}_{np}$ intermediate energies. We have analyzed free neutron-to-proton yield ratio $n/p$ as a candidate probe both midrapidities and forward rapidities peripheral central $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}+^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ based an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck...

Based on the three-flavor Polyakov-looped Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio (pNJL) model, we have studied structure of three-dimensional QCD phase diagram with respect to temperature, baryon chemical potential, and isospin by investigating interplay among chiral quark condensate, pion Polyakov loop. While pNJL model leads qualitatively similar normal phase, superfluid Sarma as well their boundaries, when compared NJL inclusion loop enlarges considerably areas critical end points at higher temperatures....

The neutron skin in deformed nuclei is generally not uniformly distributed but has an angular distribution, depending on both the spin-dependent nuclear interaction and symmetry energy. To extract information of skin, we have explored possibility using free spectator nucleons central tip-tip body-body collisions at top RHIC energy with four typical nuclei. density distributions neutrons protons are consistently obtained from Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculation, distribution can be...

Based on the deformed nucleon distributions obtained from constrained Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculation using different nuclear symmetry energies, we have investigated effects of neutron skin and collision geometry yield free spectator nucleons as well ratio $N_n/N_p$ neutrons to protons in collisions nuclei at RHIC energies. We found that tip-tip (body-body) with prolate (oblate) lead fewest nucleons, compared other configurations. While is sensitive average neutron-skin thickness...

We propose to use spectator particle yield ratios probe the configuration of $\alpha$ clusters in $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O by their collisions at RHIC LHC energies. The idea is illustrated based on initial density distributions with various $\alpha$-cluster configurations generated a microscopic cluster model, without from mean-field calculations. multifragmentation matter produces more light nuclei including chain structure clusters, compared those compact structure. ratio free neutrons...

We used the modified Hagedron function and analyzed experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR, PHENIX ALICE Collaborations in Copper-Copper, Gold-Gold, deuteron-Gold, Lead-Lead, proton-Lead proton-proton collisions, extracted related parameters (kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, kinetic volume, mean momentum initial temperature) from spectra of particles (non-strange strange particles). observed that all above decrease central to peripheral except velocity which...