Abstract Neutrophilia and an elevated neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio are both characteristic features of severe COVID-19 infection. However, functional neutrophil responses have been poorly investigated in this setting. We utilised a novel PMA-based stimulation assay to determine neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation patients with infection, non-COVID related sepsis healthy study participants. ROS production was markedly median values ninefold higher than controls...

Methods used to quantify the stress response in animals are vital tools many areas of biology. Here we describe a new method measuring response, which provides rapid results and can be field or laboratory. After stressful event, measure capacity circulating leukocytes produce respiratory burst vitro challenge by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). During oxygen free radicals, level production measured directly as chemiluminescence. When PMA-stimulated whole blood chemiluminescence is after...

1. In experiments on anaesthetized rats, we have studied the role of adenosine in mediating responses induced individual arterioles and venules spinotrapezius muscle by systemic hypoxia. 2. During hypoxia breathing 6% O2 for 3 min, some dilated while others constricted. Topical application receptor antagonist, 8 phenyl‐theophylline (8‐PT), to had no effect constrictor but greatly reduced dilator responses. The vessels nearest capillary bed‐terminal collecting venules‐‐were most affected;...

Abstract Small mammals are routinely live-trapped and subsequently handled for a range of ecological behavioural studies. Despite the techniques commonly employed being potentially stressful individual animals involved, it has hitherto been difficult to quantify physiological impact. Here, we report on first instance using Leukocyte Coping Capacity technique (LCC) in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) investigate impact routine trapping handling techniques....

Abstract Re‐introductions of captive‐bred animals are increasingly common in wildlife conservation and it is important that they fulfil their potential. To foster this goal we examined variations stress levels a population water voles Arvicola terrestris response to housing conditions radio‐collaring, using weight loss leukocyte coping capacity (LCC) as measures relative stress, investigate the impacts conditions, handling radio‐collaring on species. Thirty‐eight (22 males 16 females) were...

1. In rats anaesthetized with Saffan, responses induced in individual arterial and venous vessels of the spinotrapezius muscle by systemic hypoxia (breathing 12 or 6% O2 for 3 min) were directly observed vivo microscopy. 2. Both gradual tachycardia a fall pressure. Concommitantly, each section vascular tree, some showed increase diameter, others, decrease. 3. During 12% O2, mean diameter changes graded from increases approximately 2% main arteries (resting 40‐90 microns) to 20% terminal...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect watching a psychological stressful event on activation leukocytes in healthy human volunteers. Blood samples were obtained from 32 male and female subjects aged between 20 26 years before, during after either an 83-minute horror film that none had previously seen (The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, 1974) or by sitting quietly room (control group). Total differential cell counts, leukocyte as measured nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, heart rate blood...

Abstract Wild badgers ( Meles meles ) in Wytham woods, Oxfordshire, are routinely trapped, transported to a central field laboratory, studied and released as part of an on-going population study. These procedures have been carefully developed minimise impact on the badgers' welfare; however they potentially stressful, and, our welfare refinements, exploration develop methods for quantifying stress wild mammals, we effects transport neutrophil activation trapped badgers. Blood samples were...

1. Studies have been made in the anaesthetized rat of roles played by alpha‐ and beta‐adrenoreceptor stimulation determining diameter changes induced individual arterioles venules spinotrapezius muscle during systemic hypoxia (breathing 6% O2 for 3 min). 2. Topical application to phentolamine, alpha‐adrenoreceptor antagonist, or sotalol, had no effect on fall arterial pressure tachycardia hypoxia. 3. All showed a decrease response topical noradrenaline (10(‐6) g ml‐1): these responses were...

In spontaneously breathing anaesthetized rats, both moderate and severe hypoxia caused increases in [K+] venous efflux from hindlimb muscle, 4.3 to 4.6 3.8 4.4 mM respectively; the were accentuated 5.2 5.7 after beta 2‐receptor blockade with I.V. sotalol. Sotalol also potentiated vasodilatation evoked muscle by hypoxia, but reduced that hypoxia. We propose K+ released during contributed local vasodilatation. Further, we suggest this effect was enhanced of 2‐mediated uptake mechanism for...

1. We have compared the roles of adenosine in mediating dilator responses to acute hypoxia mesenteric microcirculation control, normoxic (N) rats and chronically hypoxic (CH) kept an chamber at 10% O2 for 3‐4 weeks. 2. In fifteen N rats, (breathing 6% 3 min) induced mean increases diameter arterial vessels mesentery (whose internal was 10‐350 microns) 8.0 +/‐ 1.9% (mean S.E.M.) venous 12‐360 10.4 2.6%. These changes were reduced by approximately 30% when receptor antagonist...

Journal Article Effect of acute systemic hypoxia on vascular permeability and leucocyte adherence in the anaesthetised rat Get access Rubina Mian, Mian Department Physiology, The Medical School, University Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom: R J M Marshall. Correspondence to Dr Mian. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Janice Marshall Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1531–1537,...

1. In rats anaesthetized with Saffan, the spinotrapezius muscle was prepared for in vivo microscopy. Systemic hypoxia (breathing 8% O2 3 min) induced a fall arterial pressure and tachycardia, together constriction some arterioles venules of each section vascular tree dilatation others. 2. The vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-arginine (20 mg kg-1 I.V.) preferentially attenuated constrictor responses by both venules, but had no significant effect on dilator responses. Analysis...

Abstract Twenty‐eight undergraduates participated in a 12‐month (one academic year) study and were tested on six occasions to examine the effects of perceived stress activity neutrophils. The testing periods selected encompass variation typical experiences over 1 year. At each time point, participants gave small finger‐stick sample blood before completing standard measure health. Activity neutrophils was determined from whole bloods' capacity reduce nitro‐blue tetrazolium (NBT) presented as...

Although much work has been conducted to quantify the long-term physiological effects of psychological stress, measures short-term, low-level stress have more elusive. This study assessed effect exposure volunteers a mild, brief, psychologically stressful event, on functional ability leukocytes in whole blood respond phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) vitro. Volunteers operated car electric window and adjusted it 4 pre-determined positions. Between each operation mechanism’s polarity was...

Abstract Technology can enhance or diminish a user's psycho-physiological stress level; the ability to quantify these responses help evaluate and refine design. The capability of drivers accomplish basic tasks utilizing differing sensory modalities while maintaining lane discipline within computer-simulated environment was assessed. Fifteen healthy subjects provided capillary blood samples before after using three human–machine interface designs—touch-screen, voice control, multimodal. Using...

1. In rats housed in a hypoxic chamber at 12% O2 for 3‐5 weeks (CH) and normal air (N), we directly observed responses of arterial venous vessels the spinotrapezius muscle to changes concentration inspirate. Both CH N were anaesthetized with Saffan. They had haematocrits 55.0 +/‐ 0.9% (mean S.E.M.) 41.9 0.5%, respectively. 2. breathing air, from comparable anatomical positions vascular tree similar internal diameter. also showed maximum dilator topical adenosine (10(‐3) M); 14.1 1.1 16.3...

Exposure of human leukocytes to 12% and 6% O(2) in vitro resulted striking ultrastructural morphological changes. These changes included the appearance crater-like holes, a reduction granular size disruption cellular membrane. The implications these findings is discussed.