A flow visualization in an open-channel experiment was combined with marker displacement methods to quantify velocity distribution and Froude number classification characterize the downstream of a sharp-crested weir. This study introduced alternative method for neutrally buoyant tracer composed timber dowels that were deployed open channel optical tracking. Timber several densities used investigate gain insight into hydrodynamic behaviour submerged or emergent conditions controlled flume...

Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantages of being sustainable, annually renewable sources automobile fuel.Despite many years improvement, use vegetable-oil-based fuels still has issues, such as oxidation, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants degradation and volume oxygen compared to diesel.Thus, improvements in emissions from diesel engines fueled by a blend crude jatropha oil with could be requirement meet reduced regulations future.The purpose this study is...

Biodiesel is the alternate fuel which derived from renewable sources either vegetable oils or animal fats. For that reason, vehicle run by Bio-diesel Fuel (BDF) has been a potential option and alternative of are receiving lot attention in automotive industry. The use waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel as an engines advantages both economic emissions carbon monoxide (CO) hydrocarbons (HC) exhaust gas. Purpose this study to investigate effects blended fuel, engine speed test load conditions on...

In this present paper, the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to predict flow features in orifice meter. Outcomes of CFD simulations terms profiles velocity and pressure are discussed detail. It observed that jet-like core region presence recirculation, reattachment shear layer regions downstream orifice. The location vena-contracta was also estimated from simulations. These results consistent with other published data.

Diesel combustion engine which the air is compressed to a sufficiently high temperature used ignite diesel fuel injected into cylinder, where ignition, burning and expansion actuate piston. Due limited resources of fossil fuel, new alternative rise now biodiesel became attention in automotive industries sector. The purpose this research investigate effect tire pyrolysis oil, crude palm speed on performance. Two cylinders four strokes cycle, cooled, compression ignition was conduct...

Biodiesels are promoted as alternative fuels due to their potential reduce dependency on fossil fuels.The main problem in diesel combustion chamber design is understand the importance of interaction phenomenon between fuel spray and surrounding gas prior ignition.Rapid compression machine (RCM) widely used acquire experimental insights into autoignition at conditions relevant current future technologies.An study measurement ignition delay characteristics blended biodiesel RCM was carried...

Understanding flame spread behavior is crucial to Fire Safety Engineering. It noted that the natural fiber exhibits different than one of synthetic fiber. This may influences over combined fabric. The purpose research study effect thread angle on kenaf/polyester Experiments are done for several weft ϑ = 0°, 45° and 90°. data collected recorded via videos images captured measuring rate detail observation characteristics during burning process. From results obtained, it seen material have some...

The paper aims to investigate CFD simulation is carried out the airflow along rear wing of F1 car with Reynold number 3 × 106 and velocity, u = 43.82204 m/s. analysis was done using 2-D model consists main plane flap wing, combined together form module. Both aerofoil placed inside a box 350mm long 220mm height according regulation set up by FIA. parameters for this study thickness chord length aerofoil. simulations were performed FLUENT solver k-kl-omega model. wind speed 43 m/s that average...

Flame spread behavior on combustible solid is one of important research related to Fire Safety Engineering. Now, there are a lot composed from mixed materials. In this study, experiments have been conducted investigate flame over by paper, bagasse and paper/bagasse. Experimental data captured using video recording examined shape rate. From the results obtained, shows that different materials produce Different seen between all types samples. rate 100% paper faster than bagasse. Based result,...

Flame spread over combustible solid must be precisely identify in fire hazard and this is the basic problem safety engineering field. To explore flame mechanism solid, downward behaviour paper bagasse has been investigated experiment. It found that combustion pattern for was slightly different from on front view analysed through observation. The result also showed rate higher compared to bagasse. seem that, although of lower usage can help control spread.

Biodiesels are attractive renewable energy sources, particularly for industrial boiler and burner operators. However, biodiesels produce higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions compared with diesel. Although water-emulsified fuels can lower NOx by reducing flame temperature, its influence on atomization needs to be investigated further. This study investigates the effects of water spray formation in air-assisted atomizers. The Schlieren method was used capture images terms tip penetration,...

Efficient electrical energy usage has been recognised as one of the significant factors to reduce cost consumption. In this world, hospitals are public buildings that use enormous other buildings. Due its 24 hours service, hospital building is estimated be among highest compared commercial and residential research, main Putrajaya Hospital selected. The covered by first floor until fifth will focused conduct research. This research aims identify consumption, savings provision solutions...

Spray have many engineering applications, such as in combustion system, agriculture and industrial process, dust control, firefighting, spray drying, transport systems, nuclear reactor core cooling more.One of the more widely spread technique that utilized usage nozzle to formed is evaporative cooling, because it an efficient for producing a comfortable environment.Warming urban area has increase heat island crisis.One methods mitigate this effect by using water droplets.This method could...

The increase in population, the growth of automotive industry and transportation sector led to a greater contribution exhaust emissions, including from diesel gasoline engines.This situation must be monitored order ensure that global air pollution can minimised at safe level.For this reason, many technologies have been introduced as an alternative reducing emissions engine, one which is use bio-petrol.Bio-petrol may derived agricultural crops, conventional food plants or special energy...

Biodiesel essentially comes from plants and animal fats which is safe can be used in diesel engines with few or no modification needed toward existing engine. Higher of the biodiesel blending ratio reflects to higher viscosities that influences fuel-air premixing, ignition process combustion characteristics. The objective this research investigate effect different on delay, process, characteristics emission production using Rapid Compression Machine (RCM). simulate behaviour similar real for...

Algae oil methyl esters produced from algae were blended with diesel at various volumetric percentages to evaluate the variations in fuel properties. Microalgae biodiesel production has received much interest an effort for sustainable development as microalgae seem be attractive way produce due their ability accumulate lipids and very high actual photosynthetic yields. Correlations between properties, including calorific heat, density, kinematic viscosity, oxidation stability of oil-diesel...

The present study gives a detail description of separation flow and its effect under high Reynolds number. unsteady three dimensional simulation around sphere using numerical computational fluid dynamics for number between 300 000 < Re 600 is discussed. angle drag coefficient are also presented. results show that the increasing affecting formation vortex shedding, point coefficient. agreement was good, confirming reliability predicted data from dynamic in analysis at

This work looks into the effect of Steam to Carbon ratio (S:C) on methane (CH4) conversion and hydrogen (H2) yield over coated Nickel Aluminide (Ni3Al) catalyst in micro reactor. The Ni3Al is an intermetallic alloy which known have good catalytic activity selectivity. precursor was prepared through dip coating technique at 10wt% top substrate plate characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Temperature Programming...

The present work aims to numerically investigate the effect of varying turning angle, ϕ = 30° - 90° on performance 2-D diffuser and develop correlations via integrating angle using Asymptotic Computational Fluid Dynamics (ACFD) technique. Standard k-ε adopting enhanced wall treatment y+ ≈ 1.1 appeared as best validated model represent actual cases with deviation ±4.7%. Results show that pressure recovery, Cp flow uniformity, σout are distorted respectively 37% 28% increment from 90°....

Influence of the injection pressure and ambient temperature at end biodiesel spray has been studied using Rapid Compression Machine (RCM).The experiments were conducted on a RCM for premixed combustion with single 21% intake oxygen concentration.RCM is designed to simulate phenomenon that observes ignition, process, characteristics under high variant temperatures.Two types blend namely, B5 B10 tested in pressures 80 MPa 90 MPa.The was varied 700 K 1100 K.The result showed higher produced...

In the temperature field, a small particle will move towards lower side. This phenomenon is called thermophoresis, which influences movement of soot particles in exhaust gas from combustors. It important to understand behavior combustion field for emission control. The main problem measuring thermophoretic velocity natural convection. such convection usually comparable and cannot be measured directly. To avoid this problem, experiments should conducted under microgravity conditions. ....