Biodiesel produced from any fat or oil blended with diesel in different percentage has emerged as an alternative and renewable energy. In Malaysia, crude palm (CPO) is the most preferable feedstock to be converted into biodiesel via transesterification process. This study aimed investigate effects of storage duration variant blending ratio under temperature on fuel properties exhaust emissions. The samples were stored clinical compartment, at temperatures monitored regular interval over a...

The mixture formation prior to the ignition process is a key element in diesel combustion because it significantly influences throughout and exhaust emissions. Purpose of this study clarify effects ambient temperature, oxygen concentration air entrainment into spray on heat release during delay periods. This investigated fundamentally using rapid compression machine high speed digital video camera. detail behavior evaporation, interference period was schlieren photography system. Ignition...

Nanofluid as advanced coolant able to enhance capability heat transfer of cooling system, but with abnormal enhancement viscosity nanofluids have raised doubt on its thermal performance in practical application. In present paper, a analysis has been conducted various types metal oxide water based nanofluids. The evaluated were Al2O3, CuO, MgO, TiO2, SiO, ZnO, and ZrO2 A factor is defined under fully developed laminar pipe flow evaluate the nanolfuids. systematic data reduction method...

Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantages of being sustainable, annually renewable sources automobile fuel.Despite many years improvement, use vegetable-oil-based fuels still has issues, such as oxidation, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants degradation and volume oxygen compared to diesel.Thus, improvements in emissions from diesel engines fueled by a blend crude jatropha oil with could be requirement meet reduced regulations future.The purpose this study is...

Coating is one of the most effective measures to protect metallic materials from corrosion. Various types coatings such as metallic, ceramic and polymer have been investigated in a quest find durable resist electrochemical decay metals industrial applications. Many polymeric composite proved be resistant against aggressive environments. Two major applications ferrous are marine environments oil gas industry. Knowing corroding behavior ferrous-based during exposure these applications, an...

This paper describes the study of a small vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) with combined design Darrius and Savonius counter-rotating rotors. The main purpose this is to improve extraction capabilities single-rotor VAWT by using two distinct rotor designs while adopting technique. Given that conversion operational speed existing turbines are still limited, current technique used enhance efficiency expand operating range VAWT. rotors were exposed similar upstream centrifugal blower. It was...

Bio fuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable, annually renewable source of automobile fuel. Despite years improvement attempts, key issue in using oil-based is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Thus, emissions exhausted from engines fueled by biodiesel derived palm oil urgently required meet future stringent emission regulations. Purpose this study explore...

The reduction of world oil reserves fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns significantly influences the popularity biodiesel as an alternative diesel. This research investigates effects storage duration variant blending waste cooking ratio under different temperature on fuel properties. samples were stored at temperatures monitored regular interval over a period 70 days. Blending was varied from 5vol % (WCO5) ~15vol% (WCO15) 24°C~35°C. These weekly conditions properties such...

Graphene is a novel class of nanofillers possessing outstanding characteristics including most compatible with polymers, high absolute strength, aspect ratio and cost effectiveness. In this study, graphene was used to reinforce epoxy as matrix, enhance its mechanical properties. Two types composite were developed which are epoxy/graphene nanocomposite epoxy/modified nanocomposite. The fabrication going through thermal expansion sonication process. Chemical modification only done for modified...

The three dimensional CFD analysis were investigated regarding the performance characteristics of a thin film lubricated journal bearing. In existing literature, several numerical analyses had been reported. Most these used two Reynolds equations to find pressure distribution in lubricant flow by neglecting variation across thickness. Besides that, most researchers only consider laminar flow. this paper, turbulent models which are Standard k-ɛ model, Realizable model and Stress Model (RSM)...

Biodiesel is an alternative, decomposable and biological-processed fuel that has similar characteristics with mineral diesel which can be used directly into engines. However, biodiesel oxygenated, more density viscosity compared to diesel. Despite years of improvement attempts, the key issue in using waste cooking oil-based fuels oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on degradation much oxygen comparing gas oil. Thus, emission exhausted from engines...

Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids of palm, vegetable, and waste cooking oils animal fat with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters. not efficient in cold weather this biodiesel’s major problem. Viscosity has influences on the fuel flow rate leads to poor atomisation during combustion process. The aim study determine effects biodiesel temperature range fom 40 °C 60 engine performance such as torque, brake power, mean effective pressure, consumption. Three types oil...

The ASEAN's legislation has become more regulatory towards electric vehicles for automotive manufacturers to ensure the environment is preserved better future generations. ASEAN roadmap 2025 requirement in optimizing a conventional vehicle's fuel consumption implemented with hybrid technology targeting industry worldwide achieve energy-efficient vehicles. This research aims develop vehicle model via 1D simulation cycle and implement 48V mild lower considering perspective drive cycles data....

Abstract This paper describes the study of a small vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with combined design Darrius and Savonius counter-rotating rotors. The main purpose this is to improve extraction capabilities single-rotor VAWT by using two distinct rotor designs while adopting technique. Given that conversion operational speed existing turbines are still limited, current technique used enhance efficiency expand operating range VAWT. rotors were exposed similar upstream centrifugal blower....

Diesel engines generate undesirable exhaust emissions during combustion process and identified as major source pollution in the worldwide ecosystem. To reduce emissions, improvements throughout premixing of fuel air have been considered especially at early stage ignition process. Purpose this study is to clarify effects swirl velocity on flow fuel-air mechanism burning diesel that strongly affects emissions. The physical factors mixture formation improve are discussed detail. This...

Joint is an universal fastening technology for structural members; in particular bolted joints are extensively used mechanical structures due to their simple maintenance and low cost. However, the components of imperative because failure could be catastrophic endanger lives. Hence, this study, effects on vibrating investigated by determining dynamic properties, such as mode shapes, damping ratios natural frequencies, these compared with monolithic (welding). Two approaches experimental rigs...

Mixture formation plays as a key element on burning process that strongly affects the exhaust emissions such nitrogen oxide (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM). The reductions of can be achieved with improvement throughout mixing fuel air behavior. Measurements were made in an optically-accessible rapid compression machine (RCM) intended to simulate actual diesel combustion related phenomena. was simulated RCM which is equipped Denso single-shot common-rail injection system, capable maximum...

Biodiesel is the alternate fuel which derived from renewable sources either vegetable oils or animal fats. For that reason, vehicle run by Bio-diesel Fuel (BDF) has been a potential option and alternative of are receiving lot attention in automotive industry. The use waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel as an engines advantages both economic emissions carbon monoxide (CO) hydrocarbons (HC) exhaust gas. Purpose this study to investigate effects blended fuel, engine speed test load conditions on...