This paper presents the critical role of selection filtration system to be used in beverage industry small medium scale production enterprises ensure quality and consumer satisfaction as well product competitiveness. Previously, enterprise, tedious work is done manually separate leaves other contaminants for process. To maintain paste production, whole process must controlled, starting with homogenizer until Mild heat treatment will applied The systems examined in-depth, considering factors...

Fuelling system is one of the crucial variables that must be focused on, in order to achieve good fuel efficiency and low engine out emissions. Fuel injection seems a promising technology as medium supply suppressed because its high delivery efficiency, enhanced economy reduced emission. Port-fuel (PFI) has been used widely on small four-stroke gasoline simplicity compared direct (DI) system. In this study, effects intake manifold angle PFI retrofit-kit performances emission characteristics...

Fuel injection system is a promising technology that enhances positively the fuel economy, engine performances and emission reduction, as compared to conventional carburetor system.Currently, motorcycles using are widely used mean of transportation especially in urban areas.This fuelling produces more harmful emissions consumes system.It therefore desirable have can easily be retrofitted current on-road motorcycles.This paper presents review comparative study 1-D simulation software...

Understanding flame spread behavior is crucial to Fire Safety Engineering. It noted that the natural fiber exhibits different than one of synthetic fiber. This may influences over combined fabric. The purpose research study effect thread angle on kenaf/polyester Experiments are done for several weft ϑ = 0°, 45° and 90°. data collected recorded via videos images captured measuring rate detail observation characteristics during burning process. From results obtained, it seen material have some...

Flame spread behavior on combustible solid is one of important research related to Fire Safety Engineering. Now, there are a lot composed from mixed materials. In this study, experiments have been conducted investigate flame over by paper, bagasse and paper/bagasse. Experimental data captured using video recording examined shape rate. From the results obtained, shows that different materials produce Different seen between all types samples. rate 100% paper faster than bagasse. Based result,...

Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease for use in diesel engines. The objective of this research investigation the effects of variant injection pressure on ignition delay and emission different biodiesel using rapid compression machine. Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) used to simulate single stroke an internal combustion engine as real engine. Four types which are waste cooking oil,...

Flame spread over combustible solid must be precisely identify in fire hazard and this is the basic problem safety engineering field. To explore flame mechanism solid, downward behaviour paper bagasse has been investigated experiment. It found that combustion pattern for was slightly different from on front view analysed through observation. The result also showed rate higher compared to bagasse. seem that, although of lower usage can help control spread.

Spray have many engineering applications, such as in combustion system, agriculture and industrial process, dust control, firefighting, spray drying, transport systems, nuclear reactor core cooling more.One of the more widely spread technique that utilized usage nozzle to formed is evaporative cooling, because it an efficient for producing a comfortable environment.Warming urban area has increase heat island crisis.One methods mitigate this effect by using water droplets.This method could...

In this paper, two lighting retrofit scheme is simulated to evaluate the amount of saving that commercial building owner would benefits. Simple payback period and net present value are method used qualify be profitable or otherwise. The analysis include effect electricity price, energy percentage, technology price efficacy future values towards economic return. presented only covers for already has existing equipment comply standard set by international technical society. All variables...

In the temperature field, a small particle will move towards lower side. This phenomenon is called thermophoresis, which influences movement of soot particles in exhaust gas from combustors. It important to understand behavior combustion field for emission control. The main problem measuring thermophoretic velocity natural convection. such convection usually comparable and cannot be measured directly. To avoid this problem, experiments should conducted under microgravity conditions. ....

Fuel efficiency and emission characteristics are two main concerns that must be addressed. Fuelling system is one of the crucial variables focused on. injection has a long term potential as medium to supply suppressed fuel because its high delivery efficiency, low economy. injector angle plays an important role in achieving quality combustion. In this study influences engine performances were investigated. Experimental works comprised throttle opening position with various dynamometer loads...

Most motorcycles in developing countries use carburetor systems as the fuel delivery method especially for models with cubic capacity of less than 125cc. However, small gasoline fuelled engines operating using system suffer from low efficiency, waste and produce higher level hazardous emissions to environment. In this study, an electronic control unit (ECU) is designed simulated a retrofit injection (FIS) system. The ECU targeted have simple design, reliable offers all necessary functions...

This paper presents outcomes of the usage a developed prototype PFI retrofit-kit for small 4-stroke gasoline engine. The produced good and high brake power mean effective pressure compared to carburetor system with over 50% improvement. Exhaust-out emissions such as carbon monoxide, dioxide hydrocarbon have been reduced in range 39%, 185%, 57% respectively. However, specific fuel consumption was found be higher (125%) system.

Biodiesel have great potential for substitution with petrol fuel the purpose of achieving clean energy production and emission reduction. Among methods that can control combustion properties, controlling injection conditions is one successful methods. The this study to investigate effect high pressure biodiesel blends on spray characteristics using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Injection was observed at 220 MPa, 250 MPa 280 MPa. ambient temperature kept held 1050 K 8 in order simulate...

Fuel-air mixing is important process in diesel combustion which significantly affects the and emission of engine. Due to nature biomass fuel that has high viscosity distillation temperature, condition furthermore improvement atomization very important. This study investigates characteristics droplet dynamic behaviors engine spray fueled by rapeseed oil (RO). Optical observation RO was carried out using shadowgraph photography technique. Single nanospark technique used while dual behavior....

Fuel-air mixing is important process in diesel combustion. It directly affects the combustion and emission of engine. Biomass fuel needs great help to atomize because has high viscosity distillation temperature. This study investigates atomization characteristics droplet dynamic behaviors engine spray fueled by rapeseed oil (RO). Optical observation RO was carried out using shadowgraph photography technique. Single nano-spark technique used while dual behavior. The results show that very...

Turbulence generator plays an important role in enhancing turbulence combustion and determining the flame characteristics burner combustion. This research demonstrated effect of a fractal grid on spray Three geometrical configurations were investigated with different equivalence ratios 0.5–1.0. The images captured using direct photographic method. studied, including length, angle, area. results from this compared swirl. showed that geometry ratio air-to-fuel mixture affected performance...

Fuel-air mixing is important process in diesel combustion. It significantly affects the combustion and emission of engine. Biomass fuel has high viscosity distillation temperature may negatively affect fuel-air process. Thus, study on spray development atomization this type important. This investigates characteristics droplet dynamic behaviors engine fuelled by rapeseed oil (RO) comparison to (GO). Optical observation RO was carried out using shadowgraph photography technique. Single...

Piston bowl geometry plays an important role on the combustion characteristics of diesel engine. There are various design piston in which each utilize shape to obtaining specific required characteristics. This objective this study is compare effect certain shapes, namely Toroidal and Flat Bottom spray development. Simulation were done using ANSYS FLUENT 16.1 software Computing Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The simulation was performed different injection pressure 40 MPa 100 MPa, with ambient...

Driving cycle is a series of data points that represents the vehicle speed versus time. Transient driving cycles involve many changes such as frequent during typical on-road condition [2]. Model protracted periods at constant speeds. The Batu Pahat Cycle (BPDC) developed to represent pattern people in district Pahat. Based on this cycle, it will be reference other researchers study about gases emission release and fuel consumption by dynamometer or automotive simulation based cycle. Existing...