Of all oxides, lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is the gold standard electro-optical material in fiber-optic transmission systems. Modulators based on diffused waveguides bulk LiNbO3 substrates are, however, relatively large. In contrast, ring modulators silicon-on-insulator are of interest for chip-scale modulation, but unstrained crystalline silicon does not exhibit a linear electro-optic effect, so modulation alternative mechanisms such as plasma dispersion effect. Here, we present hybrid and...

We design and investigate plasmon waveguides based on linear arrays of Au nanorings in an SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> host for use optical communication band (lambda ~ 1550 nm). Nanoring particles have better tunability can achieve more laterally compact waveguides, compared to their solid counterparts, such as nanospheres nanodisks. Three-dimensional simulations employing the finite-difference time-domain...

A low power Mach-Zehnder interferometer thermo-optic switch using free-standing silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides is demonstrated. The air gap provides thermal isolation between the waveguide arms and underlying silicon substrate. highly confined optical modes of enable miniature heated cross-sections. heating efficiency from on-chip resistive heaters enhanced. Measurements fabricated devices 100 microm arm lengths at 1550 nm wavelength result in a switching 540 microW, 10% - 90% rise...

We present a silicon microring resonator with lithium niobate top cladding and integrated tuning electrodes. Submicrometer thin films of z-cut are bonded to resonators via benzocyclobutene. Integrated electrodes incorporated confine voltage controlled electric fields within the film. The electrode design utilizes film metal an optically transparent wherein waveguide core serves as both optical medium conductive medium. hybrid material system combines electro-optic functionality high index...

An electric field sensor based on the indirect bonding of submicrometer thin films lithium niobate to silicon microring resonators is presented using benzocyclobutene as an intermediate layer. The hybrid material system combines electro-optic functionality with high-index contrast waveguides, enabling compact and metal-free sensors. A designed fabricated ion-sliced z-cut top cladding a 20 μm radius resonator. optical quasi transverse magnetic mode used access largest coefficient in niobate....

We demonstrate coupling from tapered optical fibers to 450 nm by 250 silicon strip waveguides using compact cantilever couplers. The couplers consist of inverse width tapers embedded within dioxide cantilevers. Finite difference time domain simulations are used design the length taper as short 6.5 μm for a 2 μm. Modeling various waveguide profiles shows reduced losses quadratic profile. Infrared measurements fabricated devices average 0.62 dB per connection quasi-TE mode and 0.50 quasi-TM...

We present a highly linear ring modulator from the bonding of ion-sliced x-cut lithium niobate onto silicon resonator. The third order intermodulation distortion spurious free dynamic range is measured to be 98.1 dB Hz(2/3) and 87.6 at 1 GHz 10 GHz, respectively. linearity comparable reference Mach-Zehnder interferometer operating quadrature over an magnitude greater than modulators based on plasma dispersion effect. Compact for analog optical links that exploit second susceptibility...

Tissue engineering seeks to develop functional tissues in a biomimetic environment vitro. As the extracellular vivo is composed of numerous nanostructures, fabrication nanostructured substrates will be valuable for tissue applications. In this article, we report simple nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process pattern nanostructures directly on tissue-culture polystyrene plates. By repeating NIL process, three-dimensional scaffolds consisting multiple-layer were also fabricated. Bovine pulmonary...

The real-time shape evolution of nanoimprinted polymer patterns is measured as a function annealing time and temperature using critical dimension small-angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS). Periodicity, line width, height, sidewall angle are reported with nanometer resolution for parallel line/space in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) both below above the bulk glass transition (TG). Heating these TG does not produce significant thermal expansion, at least to within measurement. However, fast...

Ion-sliced lithium niobate thin films offer high optical confinement over their bulk counter parts, enabling compact and efficient nonlinear optics. Quasi-phase matching by periodic poling of film remains challenging, however, due to large leakage currents, especially in magnesium oxide doped niobate, which is used reduce photorefractive damage. Here we present fabrication details 700 nm thick x-cut using electric field poling. We introduce a silicon dioxide insulation layer under co-planar...

An intra-chip coupling scheme from optical fibers to silicon strip waveguides is demonstrated. The couplers consist of inverse width tapers embedded within dioxide cantilevers that are deflected out-of-plane by residual stress. Deflection angles 5 30 degrees obtained and controlled thermal annealing. Butt-coupling tapered or collimation-coupling lensed may be employed. enables direct access devices on the entire chip surface without dicing cleaving chip. Coupling efficiencies 1.6 dB per...

Periodically poled second-order nonlinear materials with submicrometer periods are important for the development of quasi-phase matched backward-wave optical processes. Interactions involving counter-propagating waves exhibit many unique properties and enable devices such as backward second harmonic generators, mirrorless parametric oscillators, narrow-band quantum entangled photon sources. Fabrication dense ferroelectric domain gratings in lithium niobate remains challenging, however, due...

We demonstrate low-power thermo-optic-based optical bistability in a free-standing silicon ring resonator. A bistable response is achieved at reduced pump powers by thermally isolating the resonator from its supporting substrate with an air gap. The conversion efficiency power to temperature change core enhanced. transfer function of resulting exhibits hysteresis loop for 80 microW input power. Similar nonthermally isolated resonators same detuning do not exhibit mode less than 2 mW.

Using full three-dimensional analysis we show that coupled periodic optical waveguides can exhibit a giant slow light resonance associated with degenerate photonic band edge. We consider the silicon-on-insulator material system for implementation in silicon photonics at telecommunications wavelengths. The coupling of mode input be controlled continuously by varying power ratio and phase difference between two arms. Near unity transmission efficiency through edge structure achieved, enabling...

We experimentally demonstrate degenerate band edge resonances in periodic Si ridge waveguides that are compatible with carrier injection modulation for active electro-optical devices. The resonant cavities designed using a combination of the plane-wave expansion method and finite difference time domain technique. Measured simulated quality factors first scale to fifth power number periods. Quality factor scaling is determined be limited by fabrication imperfections. Compared resonators based...

A method to realize patterned ion-sliced lithium niobate is presented for hybrid photonic integration on silicon. The process involves indirect wafer bonding and dry etching produce patterns with controllable size, shape, orientation. are released by sacrificial wet transferred silicon waveguides using a pick-and-place process. To demonstrate the technique, racetrack resonator co-planar electrodes measured tunability of 5.2 pm/V. enhances flexibility in design control fabrication yield...

We investigate characteristics of modes supported by a surface plasmon (SP) coplanar waveguide (CPW) and contrast them against those SP gap (GW) mode. illustrate that the CPW can yield higher mode confinement versus GW. In addition, we analyze 90deg bend structures to conversion losses associated with discontinuities further propose modified alleviate these losses.

We carried out a multiparameter fabrication study designed to reduce the line edge roughness (LER) of electron beam (e-beam) patterned hydrogen silsesquioxane resist for purpose producing low-loss silicon strip waveguides. Reduced mask was achieved 50°C pre-exposure baking, 5000 μC/cm 2 dose with spot size more than twice as large step size, development in 25% tetramethylammonium hydroxide and postdevelopment baking rapid thermal annealing an O ambient at 1000°C. The LER caused by pattern...

Electron beam irradiation of amorphous GeSe4 thin films reveals formation reliefs and trenches as a function electron dose. Mounds high 115nm are observed at low dose deep 180nm The geometry trench mound is examined dose, film thickness, conductive overlayer exposure count, step size. Thicker found to more likely form than thinner ones. Physical mechanisms for proposed. Both types deformations provide route toward the direct write optical waveguides, gratings, waveguide-cavity coupled...

A planar integrated optical device based on the interaction of two spatial eigenmodes with a single eigenmode ring resonator is presented. Solutions for output mode amplitudes are determined theoretically and shown to be strong functions relative phases input modes. was fabricated in polymer-silicon material system by photolithographic process. The modal response as function wavelength measured twin-fiber interferometer technique through fringe visibility. It found that sharp visibility...

Fringe visibility detection of the interaction two bus spatial eigenmodes with a resonant cavity is investigated for purpose achieving sensor platform high sensitivity. The power distribution between waveguide modulated by and detected via fringe lineshapes produced twin-fiber interferometry. A test device fabricated in polymer-silica material system photolithographic process characterized measuring change as function analyte refractive index. modulation from straight two-mode coupled to...

We demonstrate vertical chip-to-chip light coupling using silicon strip waveguide cantilever couplers. The guided-wave couplers consist of waveguides embedded within dioxide cantilevers. cantilevers deflect 90° out-of-plane via residual stress, allowing between separate chips. A loss 2.5 dB per connection is measured for TE polarization and 1.1 TM at 1550 nm wavelength. varies by less than±0.8 the wavelength range from 1500 to 1565 both polarizations. enable broadband compact system...