Interfacial layers (ILs) are prerequisites to form the selective charge transport for high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) but mostly result in considerable parasitic absorption loss. Trimming ILs down a mono-molecular level via self-assembled monolayer is an effective strategy mitigate However, such suffers from inferior electrical contact with low surface coverage on rough surfaces and poor producibility. To address these issues, here, interlayer (SAI) developed, which involves...

Charge carrier scattering channels in graphite bridging its valence and conduction band offer an efficient Auger recombination dynamic to promote low energy charge carriers higher states. It is of importance answer the question whether a large number can be promoted states enhance quantum efficiency photodetectors. Here, we present experimental demonstration effective process photo-excited nano-graphite film. The time-resolved hot thermalization was analyzed based on dissipation via...

This paper presents a differential microwave microfluidic sensor based on the microstrip complementary split-ring resonator (MCSRR) structure for liquid characterization. At resonance, electric field concentrates along slot, where channel is located. As sample injected, corresponding reflection coefficient changed, while reference response unaffected. The relative permittivity and loss tangent of can be extracted from variations in resonant frequency quality factor. A prototype proposed...

The paper proposes an ultrahigh sensitivity microwave sensor for retrieving the complex permittivity of liquid sample. proposed originally evolves from complementary split-ring resonator-based sensor, which confines electric field in slot resonator. A electric-LC resonator structure is applied to substitute CSRR due its excellent ability concentrating field. To further improve confinement, a meander embedded central arm Then, two etched resonators are added on both sides modified...

This work shows an ultrahigh sensitivity microwave sensor for microfluidic applications. The proposed is made of a microstrip line loaded with complementary splitring resonator (CSRR). meander slot adopted in the CSRR to achieve high field confinement and therefore covered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel enable strong interaction between liquid sample. complex permittivity sample can be retrieved by variations resonant frequency peak attenuation. design requires very small volume ~0.5 μL...

Microwave microfluidic sensors have been employed for dielectric characterization of different liquids. Intuitively, the channel plays a vital role in determining sensor performance. In this article, first time, numerical optimization design route is carried out with aim improving sensitivity. Two swarm intelligence algorithms, i.e., particle-ant colony algorithm and wolf algorithm, are implemented optimization. Through developed procedure, sensitivity original can be increased...

This letter proposes two compact folded spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission lines (TL) with single-sided grooves (Type A) and double-sided B), their cut-off frequencies are 17.55 GHz 19.52 GHz, respectively. Due to large number of units, the proposed SSPP TLs have steep sideband excellent upper band suppression (< −48 dB). The folding solution could reduce lateral size nearly 2/5 original one, a certain extent solve layout difficulties associated traditional due slender...

In this letter, an ultrahigh sensitivity microwave microfluidic sensor is proposed to retrieve the dielectric properties of a liquid sample. Two metal strips in ground plane defect are connected microstrip line through metallic vias. An interdigital capacitor (IDC) structure introduced between produce strong electric field confinement, so that loaded sample can fully interact with field. The complex permittivity affects magnitude frequency offset and peak attenuation, thereby establishing...

In this letter, a tunable multiband THz frequency-selective surface (FSS) is developed based on hybrid metal- graphene structures. The tunability characteristics are realized by inserting strips between metal patches. proposed FSS studied the equivalent circuit model, which validated against simulation results using numerical methods. It shown that structure has good performance in terms of bandwidth, gain, and tunability, it easy to be built as potential competitor for applications.

Due to its ultrathin feature, graphene has been recently proposed as diffusion barrier layer for Cu wires. This paper is geared toward developing an equivalent single-conductor (ESC) transmission-line (TL) model analysis of Cu-graphene interconnects, i.e., wires encapsulated with barriers. Based on the ESC TL model, electrical performances interconnects are examined and evaluated. It shown that time delay temperature rise can be reduced by replacing conventional barriers in Cu/low-k interconnect

As the interconnect delay exceeds gate delay, integrated circuit (IC) technology has evolved from a transistor-centric era to an interconnect-centric era. Conventional metallic interconnects face several serious challenges in aspects of performance and reliability. To address these issues, nanocarbon materials, including carbon nanotube (CNT) graphene, have been proposed as promising candidates for applications. Considering rapid development interconnects, this paper is dedicated providing...

The paper proposes a temperature-compensated sensor for microfluidic application. consists of splitter/combiner section with two symmetrical complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR). A polydimethylsiloxane substrate is attached the channel aligned to meander slot CSRR. resonator (SRR) peripheral circuit added detect environmental temperature. water-methanol mixtures various water fractions are measured at temperature ranging from 20°C 50°C. firstly by resonant frequency shift produced SRR....

This study proposes an ultrahigh-sensitivity split-ring resonator-based microwave sensor for retrieving the complex permittivity of liquid samples. An interdigital capacitor structure was used to expand sensing area and sensitivity. A defected ground parallel dual resonator were introduced improve quality factor. polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel substrate placed above structure. The route coincided with gap fully utilize strong electric field. Ethanol-water solutions varying ethanol...

An efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is proposed for studying frequency- and temperature-dependent characteristics of some graphene-based structures, with auxiliary differential equation-FDTD method its conformal modification technique integrated together handling such atomically thin electrically dispersive periodic geometries. Numerical results are presented to show their tunable transmittances, surface plasmon polarization-mode Fano resonances, where the effects...

To solve electrical contact problem of horizontal multilayer graphene nanoribbon (GNR), a vertical GNR (VGNR) interconnect scheme is proposed. Performance the VGNR theoretically evaluated and compared with those conventional technologies. It shown that performance comparable (and even superior) to (HGNR). Moreover, VGNRs may provide promising solution thermal challenges faced by HGNRs in nanoscale ICs.

This paper presents two complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-based sensors for full characterization of magneto-dielectric materials. The first proposed sensor is designed by loading the microstrip line with a CSRR, while second one CSRRs. To distinguish effects permittivity and permeability on shift resonant frequency, electric magnetic fields are to be located at separate zones in CSRR. Two 50Ω resistors mounted ends increase quality factor. In addition, can perform measurements...

A finite-element method-based parallel computing simulator for multiphysics effects in resistive random access memory (RRAM) array, which is suitable supercomputer platforms even with thousands of cores, developed to simulate oxygen vacancy migration, current transport, and thermal conduction. Exponentially fit flux Galerkin method introduced improve algorithm convergence when solving the 3-D drift-diffusion equation. The accuracy our validated by comparison commercial software. Scalability...

Computational study of electrothermal effects on hot-carrier injection (HCI) in 100-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET for digital integrated circuit is performed using in-house developed time-domain finite element algorithm. The simulated I-V curve obtained by solving diffusive carrier transport equations, and it agrees well with our measured results. time-dependent thermal conduction equation solved to get the transient temperature response device. Furthermore, according responses...

This article proposes a novel differential through-silicon via (D-TSV) structure, which is filled with vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) array. Two metal pads are deposited on the sides of surface proposed D-TSV to form signal transmission paths. The equivalent circuit model established for D-TSV, frequency-dependent impedance extracted using partial-element equivalent-circuit (PEEC) method. By virtue model, electrical performance investigated, some design guidance presented.

In this letter, novel Cu-graphene heterogeneous interconnects are studied by virtue of the equivalent circuit model. The effective resistances such extracted numerically, with Cu/graphene and graphene/ graphene interface treated appropriately. It is shown that can provide superior performance reliability over Cu wires for an on-chip interconnect applications.