There is a strong demand from policy makers for predictions about the potential impacts of climate change on water resources. Integrated environmental models, combining climatic and hydrologic are often used this purpose. This paper examines impact uncertainties related to GCMs in hydrological studies tropical Andes. A conceptual model calibrated data four mesoscale, mountainous catchments south Ecuador. The inputs then perturbed with anomalies projected by 20 available IPCC Data...

Hydraulic models for the generation of flood inundation maps are not commonly applied in mountain river basins because difficulty modeling hydraulic behavior and complex topography. This paper presents a comparative analysis performance four two-dimensional (HEC-RAS 2D, Iber Flood Modeller PCSWMM 2D) with respect to maps. The study area covers 5-km reach Santa Bárbara River located Ecuadorian Andes, at 2330 masl, Gualaceo. model's was evaluated based on water surface elevation extent, terms...

Abstract The behavior of many physical systems is described by means differential equations. These equations are usually derived from balance principles and certain modelling assumptions. For realistic situations, the solution associated initial boundary value problems requires use some discretization technique, such as finite differences or volumes. This research tackles numerical a 1D equation to predict water surface profiles in river, well estimate so-called roughness parameter. A very...

Abstract. Precipitation event samples and weekly based water from streams soils were collected in a tropical montane cloud forest catchment for 2 years analyzed stable isotopes order to understand the effect of sampling frequency performance three lumped-parameter distribution functions (exponential-piston flow, linear-piston flow gamma) which used estimate mean transit times waters. data, as input function models, aggregated daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly bi-monthly resolutions, while...

Abstract River flooding is a key topic for water managers because of the social and economic losses it can cause. The complex topography dynamics mountain rivers has limited analysis their behavior during flood events (e.g., sediment transport, flooding). This study aims to test performance three hydraulic 1D models (HEC-RAS, MIKE 11, Flood Modeller) estimate inundation levels river. evaluation these was performed considering steady state conditions through 10 scenarios, i.e. five discharge...

Increasing urbanization and development along rivers, together with climate change, exacerbate future flood risk in Ecuador. Current policy strategies the highlands greatly need improvement. Politicians must rethink if governmental environmental institutions inhabitants of are prepared to respond small- large-scale episodes. The purpose this paper is identify issues facing management (FRM) Ecuadorian a view finding approaches for overcoming them. We focus on three specific concerns: an...

In many medium-sized irrigation systems water is wasted during the night because demand low and supply not reduced accordingly. A hydrodynamic model was applied, using MIKE 11 as a software tool, to simulate abrupt discharge changes their travel times along small canals. Filling emptying of canal were also analyzed. The calibrated with data field experiment that included startup, positive, negative surges. technique developed take into account considerable losses in canal. Performance...

The current study presents an experimental procedure used to determine bedload sediment transport rates in channels with high gradients and coarse sediment. With the aim validate for further investigations, laboratory experiments were performed calculate rates. a tilting flume slopes ranging from 3% 5%. particles uniform shape (spheres). divided into four cases based on size. Three of sizes 10 mm, 15 mm 25 case grain size distribution formed particle considered. From results mathematical...

Nowadays, the availability of high resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) to represent earth surface allows coupling hydraulic models with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) obtain flood extent and water levels in floodplains. Many studies on mapping have been conducted using one or two dimensional (1D/2D) hydrodynamic models. Some authors affirm that 2D are state art for river modeling. They have, however, disadvantage their application is constrained by requirements data, hardware...

Floods represent one of the most frequent natural hazards globally, resulting in considerable economic and social losses affected populations. Approaches based on risk assessment are increasingly accepted incorporated into flood management recent decades. Despite progress development loss estimation tools, they still present high uncertainties disparities that often lead to questioning their quality. This work presents an in-depth updated review different analytical methodological tools...

Abstract To improve the current knowledge of rainfall–runoff phenomena tropical montane catchments, we explored usefulness several hydrological indicators on a nested cloud forest catchment (76.9 km 2 ). The used metrics belong to 5 categories: baseflow mean transit time, physicochemical properties stream water, land cover, topographic, and hydrometric parameters. We applied diverse statistical techniques for data analysis contrast findings. Multiple regression showed that times base flow...

In this study, the performance of HEC-HMS model was evaluated for simulation rain-runoff processes in a paramo basin approximately 21. 8 km2, south Ecuador. The calibration and validation comprises period July-2013 to June-2016 with daily data. Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) method used compute water flow soil. For rainfall distribution, Thiessen used, while Evapotranspiration calculated Penman-Monteith equation. results revealed that (1) 83% infiltrates soil only 17% is retained plants...

Abstract Using hydraulic geometry (HG) theory, we investigated three rivers typical of the Ecuadorian mountainous region with longitudinal slopes ranging from 0.8% to 10% and coarse bed material d 50 3 54 mm values 90 up 908 mm. Extensive field measurements were performed characterize geometric properties at 33 sites. these data, at‐a‐station HG relationships obtained for top width, average flow depth, velocity. Dimensional dimensionless downstream relations parameters as well channel slope...

River flow velocity is determined by the energy available for motion and fraction lost resistance. We compared performance of different equations Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient (f) empirical to predict velocity. The set was tested using data from Quinuas headwater mountain river in Andean region. collected three Cascades, two Step-pools, one Plane-bed covering a wide range magnitudes. results reveal that nondimensional hydraulic geometry (NDHG) with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index...

A comparative analysis was performed of three 1-D river hydrodynamic models (Mike 11, InfoWorks-RS and HEC-RAS) in a quasi 2-D setting. The study area schematized either as network fictitious branches or storage areas. were run on reduced the Dender River basin Belgium, respectively for historical flood events eight synthetic with return period between 1 1000 years. performance tested comparing simulated discharge, water level, inundation volume inundated area. Results show that two...

En la actualidad, disponibilidad de modelos digitales elevación digital (MDEs) para representar superficie tierra permite el acoplamiento hidráulicos con sistemas información geográfica (SIG) determinar extensión una inundación y los niveles del agua en llanura inundación. Muchos estudios mapeo inundaciones se han realizado usando hidrodinámicos unidimensionales bidimensionales (1D/2D). Algunos autores indican que 2D son tecnología punta modelación inundaciones. Sin embargo, éstos tienen...

This paper presents a seismic vulnerability assessment of single-family dwelling in confined masonry, common construction type the city Cuenca, Ecuador. The macroscopic properties hollow and solid brick masonry are derived from mesoscopic finite element analyses piers. structure is modeled using an equivalent frame method, which walls defined as piers or spandrels macro-element model; reinforced columns beams orthotropic floor slabs also included. Several models, considering deterministic...

Due to the presence of boulders and different morphologies, mountain rivers contain various resistance sources. To correctly simulate river flow using 1-D hydrodynamic models, an accurate estimation is required. In this article, a comparison between physical roughness parameter (PRP) effective coefficient (ERC) presented for three most typical morphological configurations in rivers: cascade, step-pool, plane-bed. The PRP its variation were obtained through multiple measurements field...

HEC-RAS, an one-dimensional hydraulic model, was used to simulate and map floods along a 10 km stretch of the Burgay river. Analysis results reveals that model is capable simulating flood inundation situation rivers in Andean region, notwithstanding scarcity information. Local governments (e.g. municipalities) can use hazard zoning maps for sustainable management alluvial plains, through planning implementation structural or non-structural measures land planning) considering physical...

To gather insight into the impact of afforestation on hydrology a mountain river basin comparative study was conducted with objective to derive answers following questions: 1) How calibrate parameters hydrological models subject land use change? 2) What is peaks, total flow, and baseflow when gradually changes from tussock-grass pine plantation? 3) Is different upstream downstream (U-D) or (D-U)? The results show that peaks are respectively reduced by 21%, 66% 21%. This presents calibration...

Floods represent a severe cause of deaths and economic loss. In order to prevent, mitigate, reduce flood risks their consequences, hydraulic models allow analysing mapping floods. The results an appropriate model that works under local conditions are valuable tool for governments leading sustainable management floodplains. Around the world, high-mountain rivers have been poorly modelled; orography data scarcity present extra research difficulty. Considering all one-dimensional assume river...