Hydraulic models for the generation of flood inundation maps are not commonly applied in mountain river basins because difficulty modeling hydraulic behavior and complex topography. This paper presents a comparative analysis performance four two-dimensional (HEC-RAS 2D, Iber Flood Modeller PCSWMM 2D) with respect to maps. The study area covers 5-km reach Santa Bárbara River located Ecuadorian Andes, at 2330 masl, Gualaceo. model's was evaluated based on water surface elevation extent, terms...

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), like many other regions in world, are areas that prone to hydrometeorological disasters, which threaten livelihoods cause economic losses. To derive LAC’s status field of flood risk-related research, we conducted a bibliometric analysis region’s publication record using Web Science journal database (WoS). After analysing total 1887 references according inclusion-exclusion criteria, 302 articles published last 20 years were selected. The research period...

Ecohydrological studies frequently use the stable isotopic composition of precipitation as a natural tracer. In wooded areas, understanding how is modified it passes through canopy therefore key to accurate ecohydrological assessments. This work presents model estimate throughfall at detailed time-step, based on dynamics rainfall and meteorological conditions during events. The couples Rutter (1971) interception with Gonfiantini (1986) equation, latter used open water bodies subject...

Abstract. Rainfall is known as the main water replenishment in dryland ecosystems, and rainfall partitioning by vegetation reshapes spatial temporal distribution patterns of rainwater entry into soil. The dynamics have been extensively studied at inter-event scale, yet very few studies explored its finer intra-event relating driving factors for shrubs. Here, we conducted a concurrent in-depth investigation all components inter- scales two typical xerophytic shrubs (Caragana korshinskii Salix...

Abstract The spatial variability of stemflow on the bole trees has rarely been focal point studies, despite its potential importance for stemflow‐induced changes to soils. This study helps close this data gap by supplying quantitative possible drivers circumferential variation boles two Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine). Hence, objectives present were quantify tree stems and assess how some biotic abiotic factors affect variability. Continuous observed within a mature stand Scots pine during...

ABSTRACT The crucial role of soil water retention and storage in hydrology the cycle is well established. However, sensitive degraded ecosystems like alpine meadows, effectiveness revegetation enhancing these critical functions remains understudied. This study investigates effects revegetating severely hillside meadows with artificial grasslands on capacity Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Soil analyses at a depth 0–20 cm revealed significant improvements properties after revegetation, increases...

Leaf litterfall contributes significantly to carbon fluxes in forests. A crucial open question for the sustainability of mountain forests is how climate change will affect this and other (eg photosynthesis respiration). decomposition Polylepis reticulata, an endemic species Andes, were analyzed during a period 1 year at 6 experimental plots located Andean páramo between 3700 3900 m above sea level Cajas National Park, Ecuador. Litterfall was collected each plot using 5 randomly distributed...

Abstract River flooding is a key topic for water managers because of the social and economic losses it can cause. The complex topography dynamics mountain rivers has limited analysis their behavior during flood events (e.g., sediment transport, flooding). This study aims to test performance three hydraulic 1D models (HEC-RAS, MIKE 11, Flood Modeller) estimate inundation levels river. evaluation these was performed considering steady state conditions through 10 scenarios, i.e. five discharge...

Abstract Evapotranspiration is a key variable for hydrologic, climatic, agricultural, and environmental studies. Given the non-availability of economically technically easy to implement direct measurement methods, evapotranspiration estimated primarily through application empirical regression models, machine learning algorithms that incorporate conventional meteorological variables. While FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation worldwide has been recognized as most accurate estimate reference (ETo),...

Abstract Vegetation plays a significant role in the isotopic fractionation of rainwater during rainfall partitioning through canopy into throughfall and stemflow. Most studies focus on composition throughfall, whereas that stemflow has been studied much less frequently. Moreover, only three to date have investigated at intra‐storm scale. Therefore, knowledge shift between throughfall/stemflow fine resolutions is sorely needed order better understand water input forest soils. In this study,...

Abstract. Stemflow and its belowground funnelling along roots macropores may play an important role in the soil moisture redistribution forest environments. In this study, a stemflow experiment on Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) used artificial tracers to view quantify preferential flow after infiltration into soil. A total of 41 L water labelled with enriched deuterium brilliant blue FCF were applied at rate 7 h−1 stem pine tree, which corresponds caused by about 50 mm rainfall. Time...

Plant canopies divert a portion of precipitation to the base their stems through “stemflow”, phenomenon that influences canopy water balance, soil microbial ecology, and intrasystem nutrient cycling. However, comprehensive integration stemflow into theoretical numerical models in natural science remains limited. This perspective examines three unresolved, fundamental questions hindering this integration, spanning soil. First, precise source area within generates is undefined. Thus, we asked,...

Abstract Polylepis species represent one of the most important and endemic woodlands mid- high-elevation regions Andean Cordillera. I provide a review current situation woodlands, discuss potential effects various conservation measures consider likely impact climate change on tree phenology regeneration, aiming to foster sustainable management these through proper environmental planning. argue that in addition delineation extension protected areas, it is essential incorporate actions such as...

Abstract. The major fraction of water reaching the forest floor is throughfall, which consists free splash throughfall and canopy drip. Research has shown that canopies modify isotopic composition by means evaporation, exchange, selection mixing rainfall waters. However, effects these factors in relation to drop size soil surface are unclear. Based on research a mountainous Scots pine stand northeastern Spain, this study sought fill knowledge gap examining size. In experimental stand,...

Increasing urbanization and development along rivers, together with climate change, exacerbate future flood risk in Ecuador. Current policy strategies the highlands greatly need improvement. Politicians must rethink if governmental environmental institutions inhabitants of are prepared to respond small- large-scale episodes. The purpose this paper is identify issues facing management (FRM) Ecuadorian a view finding approaches for overcoming them. We focus on three specific concerns: an...

Floods represent one of the most frequent natural hazards globally, resulting in considerable economic and social losses affected populations. Approaches based on risk assessment are increasingly accepted incorporated into flood management recent decades. Despite progress development loss estimation tools, they still present high uncertainties disparities that often lead to questioning their quality. This work presents an in-depth updated review different analytical methodological tools...

Appropriate water management is essential for healthy urban and rural metabolism. Unfortunately, many challenges are associated with governance, encompassing varying degrees of cooperation conflict. This technical note describes the multiple governance models in place Ecuador such as public, private, community, partnerships; supported by literature, discusses efficiency level each model drinking supply democratic citizen participation. The analysis articulates how heterogeneity across...

This paper presents a seismic vulnerability assessment of single-family dwelling in confined masonry, common construction type the city Cuenca, Ecuador. The macroscopic properties hollow and solid brick masonry are derived from mesoscopic finite element analyses piers. structure is modeled using an equivalent frame method, which walls defined as piers or spandrels macro-element model; reinforced columns beams orthotropic floor slabs also included. Several models, considering deterministic...

Abstract. Few studies have explored the stemflow double-funnelling phenomenon, although subsurface flow along roots and macropores plays a significant role in determining hydrological responses forested catchments. In this study, experiment on Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) used artificial tracers to view quantify preferential of water after infiltration into soil. Forty-one litres labelled with enriched deuterium Brilliant Blue FCF were applied at rate 7 L h-1 stem pine tree, which...

Plant canopies divert a portion of precipitation to the base their stems through “stemflow”, phenomenon that influences canopy water balance, soil microbial ecology, and intrasystem nutrient cycling. However, comprehensive integration stemflow into theoretical numerical models in natural science remains limited. This perspective examines three unresolved, fundamental questions hindering this integration, spanning soil. First, precise source area within generates is...

Abstract. The major fraction of water reaching the forest floor is throughfall, which consists free splash throughfall and canopy drip. Research has shown that canopies modify isotopic composition by means evaporation, exchange, selection mixing rainfall waters. However, effects these factors in relation to drop size soil surface are unclear. Based on research a mountainous Scots pine stand northeastern Spain, this study sought fill knowledge gap examining size. In experimental stand,...