A5054712647- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Occupational exposure and asthma
- Heavy metals in environment
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
- Occupational Health and Safety Research
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Trace Elements in Health
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Noise Effects and Management
- Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies
- Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Teaching and Learning Programming
- Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Nicholls State University
2024
University of Calgary
2007-2014
University of Bradford
1995-2005
Royal Victoria Infirmary
2001
Salford Royal Hospital
2001
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours
2001
University of Newcastle Australia
1994
North Tyneside General Hospital
1990-1993
Newcastle University
1990-1993
The European Respiratory Society (ERS) recognizes that there are an increasing number of national and international guidelines for the management asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) other chest diseases. Some these recommend nebulizer use in specific circumstances, using either a jet or ultrasonic to administer drug airways lungs form aerosolized mist fine droplets. Although many patients with severe given nebulized treatment both hospitals their own homes, it is recognized...
Output from jet nebulisers is calibrated traditionally by weighing them before and after nebulisation, but the assumption that weight difference a close measure of aerosol generation could be invalidated concomitant process evaporation. A method has been developed for measuring output directly using solute (fluoride) tracer impaction, this compared with traditional loss two Wright, six Turbo, four Micro-Cirrus Microinhaler ultrasonic nebulisers. The overestimated true all mean content,...
BACKGROUND: The value of measuring airway responsiveness in asthma research is currently limited by the number different methods used investigators, lack a standardised method expressing precision, and an inability to equate results one with those another. METHODS: Two pairs measurements methacholine were performed 20 asthmatic subjects, pair using dosimeter (AR-D) conventional Wright nebuliser tidal breathing (AR-W). two normally use techniques for quantifying changing levels forced...
To determine the prevalence of hearing loss associated with occupational noise exposure and other risk factors.A cross-sectional study involving 269 exposed 99 non-exposed subjects (non-industrial subjects) randomly selected. Current was estimated using both sound level meter noise-dosimeter. Past by interview questionnaire. Otoscopic examination conventional frequency (0.25-8 kHz) audiometry were used to assess in each subject.75% (202 from group a daily Leq above permissible 85 dB(A) most...
To clarify whether asthma may be caused by fume from welding mild steel and to evaluate the possible strength of such an effect, we quantified airway responsiveness among young shipyard workers with different levels exposure. Clinical investigation comprised a cross-sectional survey 19- 27-yr-old who were completing 3 9 yr employment in various trades, control group 15- 17-yr-old school leavers applying for apprenticeships within same trades. Both groups subdivided into negligible-,...
The choice of a nebulized system for patient usually depends on the equipment available. To date, there is limited guidance selection and use nebulizer. We have conducted in vitro tests described within draft European Standard Nebulisers (BSEN13544-1; CEN) correlated these to vivo pharmacokinetic performance relative lung systemic deposition healthy volunteers. Eight nebulizer systems been tested. analysis used recommended CEN methods quantify total dose available inhalation as well size...
Abstract Prediction of fume formation rate during metal arc welding and the composition are interest to occupational hygienists concerned with risk assessment manufacturers consumables. A model for GMAW (DC electrode positive) is described based on welder determined process parameters (current, wire feed composition), surface area molten in partial vapour pressures component metals alloy wire. The applicable globular spray transfer modes but not dip mode. Metal evaporation from a droplet...
A 46-year-old endoscopy nurse developed symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma after seven years exposure to glutaraldehyde. An initial inhalation challenge test at the suite caused a very dramatic immediate fall in FEV1 from 3.6 1.5 litres. To further evaluate case and establish threshold for response, technique was devised allow series double-blind challenges with activated glutaraldehyde vapour levels 0.01–0.32 ppm. The results suggested marked dual asthmatic reactions following 0.032...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by many factors including inhalation of toxicants, acute barotrauma, acid aspiration, and burns. Surfactant function impaired in ARDS airway injury resulting high surface tension with alveolar small collapse, edema, hypoxemia, death. In this study, we explore the mechanisms whereby surfactant becomes dysfunctional bronchiolitis its repair a cyclodextrin drug that sequesters cholesterol. We used vitro model systems, mouse ARDS, samples from...
Drug nebulizers should be designed to produce an aerosol which efficiently targets drug the respiratory tract. In this article we review basic principles of generation from both jet and ultrasonic nebulizers, factors governing tract penetration deposition. We methods for accurate measurement dose size, with emphasis on evaporative effects implications nebulizer design. identify three forms waste attributable to: non-respirable aerosol, losses environment, dead volume solution; consider how...
Previous work has demonstrated that the shield gas composition in metal arc welding can have a considerable effect on hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] concentration fume and ozone concentrations near arc. Normally single is used. This paper describes double shroud torch allows used of concentric gases different compositions. A solid stainless steel wire was for welding. The secondary containing small amounts reducing agents NO C2H4. Cr(VI) at fixed point relative to were measured compared with...
The low toxicity of perfluorocarbons (PFCs), their high affinity for respiratory gases and compatibility with lung surfactant have made them useful candidates treating diseases such as adult distress syndrome. We report results acute allergic non-allergic bronchoconstriction in sheep using S-1226 (a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide small volumes nebulized perflubron). dioxide, which is highly soluble perflubron, was used to relax airway smooth muscle. Sheep previously sensitized house...
The suspicion that a newly developed detergent ingredient, sodium iso-nonanoyl oxybenzene sulphonate (SINOS), was inducing asthma among workforce led to series of inhalation challenge tests determine the specificity and dose response characteristics its provoking properties. Three previously exposed workers, three non-exposed non-asthmatic controls, asthmatic controls were challenged with SINOS 0.01-100 micrograms another chemically similar surface active linear alkyl benzene (LAS)...
This study evaluates a novel bronchodilator, S1226, for its efficacy in reversing allergen-induced bronchoconstriction subjects with mild, allergic asthma. S1226 is new class of bronchodilator that an aerosol/vapor/gas mixture combining pharmacological and biophysical principles mode action. It contains potent gas (carbon dioxide or CO2) nebulized perflubron (a synthetic surfactant possessing mucolytic properties). has demonstrated rapid reversal ovine model. was phase IIa proof-of-concept,...
A major challenge in treating acute asthma exacerbations is the need to open constricted airways rapidly enough reestablish ventilation and allow delivery of conventional medication diseased airways. The solution requires a new approach that considers both biophysical pharmacological aspects treatments used asthma. result testing several formulations was S-1226: carbon dioxide-enriched air delivered nebulized perflubron, synthetic surfactant. These agents act synergistically reopen closed...