ABSTRACT During the spring in 2005 and 2006, 39,095 northward-migrating land birds were captured at 12 bird observatories eastern Canada to investigate role of migratory northward range expansion Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, their tick vector, Ixodes scapularis . The prevalence carrying I. ticks (mostly nymphs) was 0.35% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30 0.42), but a nested study by experienced observers suggested more realistic infestation 2.2% CI 1.18 3.73). mean...

Shifts in the age or turnover time of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) may underlie changes tree growth under long-term increases drought stress associated with climate change. But NSC responses to are challenging quantify, due part large stores trees and subsequently long response times variation. We measured (Δ14 C) along a suite ecophysiological metrics Pinus edulis experiencing either extreme short-term (-90% ambient precipitation plot, 2020-2021) decade severe (-45% 2010-2021). tested...

We developed and tested a single multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that detects enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli. This PCR is specific, sensitive, rapid in detecting target isolates stool food. Because of its simplicity, economy, efficiency, this protocol warrants further evaluation large, prospective studies polymicrobial substances. scherichia coli causes disease humans through diverse mechanisms (1). Classified on basis...

We developed and tested a single multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that detects enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. This PCR is specific, sensitive, rapid in detecting target isolates stool food. Because of its simplicity, economy, efficiency, this protocol warrants further evaluation large, prospective studies polymicrobial substances.

Passive surveillance for the occurrence of tick Ixodes scapularis Say (1821) and their infection with Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. has taken place in Canada since early 1990. Ticks have been submitted from members public, veterinarians, medical practitioners to provincial, federal, university laboratories identification, data collated B. detected at National Microbiology Laboratory. The locations collection 2,319 I. were mapped, we investigated potential risk...

Abstract Plant survival depends on a balance between carbon supply and demand. When becomes limited, plants buffer demand by using stored carbohydrates (sugar starch). During drought, NSCs (non-structural carbohydrates) may accumulate if growth stops before photosynthesis. This expectation is pervasive, yet few studies have combined simultaneous measurements of photosynthesis, growth, storage to test this. Using field experiment with mature trees in semi-arid woodland, we show that...

Passive surveillance for the occurrence of tick Ixodes scapularis Say (1821) and their infection with Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. has taken place in Canada since early 1990. Ticks have been submitted from members public, veterinarians, medical practitioners to provincial, federal, university laboratories identification, data collated B. detected at National Microbiology Laboratory. The locations collection 2,319 I. were mapped, we investigated potential risk...

Summary Disruption of photosynthesis and carbon transport due to damage the tree crown stem cambial cells, respectively, can cause mortality. It has recently been proposed that fire‐induced dysfunction xylem plays an important role in Here, we simultaneously tested impact a lethal fire dose on nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) hydraulics Pinus ponderosa saplings. Saplings were burned with known dose. Nonstructural assessed needles, main stems, roots whole plants, hydraulic conductivity was...

Abstract Objective —To describe shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) fecal shedding prevalence, seasonal patterns, and site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, feces of dairy cattle. Design —Cross-sectional study. Animals —Adult cattle 13 herds in Louisiana. Procedure —Samples were cultured for STEC O157 by use sensitive specific techniques, including selective broth enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, monoclonal antibody-based O:H enzyme immunoassay...

Remote sensing (RS) permits evaluation of spatial and temporal variables that can be used for vector-borne disease models. A Landsat Thematic Mapper scene covering Canindé, Ceará in northeastern Brazil (September 25, 1986) was spectrally enhanced classified using ERDAS (Atlanta, GA) Imagine 873 4-km2 areas. The population number cases American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) were determined each area. Relative risk (RR) ratios calculated climate, demographic, case data recorded 17 years by...

In southeastern Canada, most populations of Ixodes scapularis Say, the Lyme disease vector, occur in Carolinian forests. Climate change projections suggest a northward range expansion I. this century, but it is unclear whether more northerly habitats are suitable for survival. study, we assessed suitability woodlands Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain region by comparing tick egg survival four different woodlands. Woodlands where established, and sand dune do not survive, served as...

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important zoonosis. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been implicated in transmission of this bacterium to humans and suggested as reservoirs that might affect carriage cattle populations. Our study objectives were estimate prevalence EC O157 feces hunter-harvested describe fecal shedding patterns a captive herd sampled over 1 yr. Prevalence was 0.3% (n=338). In August 2001, detected one 55 (1.8%) from the herd. 1-yr period 0.4% (n=226)....

Summary Stomatal closure during drought inhibits carbon uptake and may reduce a tree's defensive capacity. Limited availability increase mortality risk, particularly if constrains trees' capacity to rapidly produce defenses biotic attack. We parameterized new model of conifer defense using physiological data on reserves chemical before after simulated bark beetle attack in mature Pinus edulis under experimental drought. Attack was inoculations with consistent bluestain fungus ( Ophiostoma...

Summary Drought predisposes forest trees to bark beetle‐induced mortality, but the physiological mechanisms remain unclear. While drought‐induced water and carbon limitations have been implicated in defensive failure tree susceptibility, evidence demonstrating how these factors interact is scarce. We withheld from mature, potted Pinus edulis subsequently applied a double‐stem girdle inhibit carbohydrate transport crown roots. Within this isolated segment we then elicited defense response by...

Abstract In southeastern Canada, most populations of Ixodes scapularis Say, the Lyme disease vector, occur in Carolinian forests. Climate change projections suggest a northward range expansion I. this century, but it is unclear whether more northerly habitats are suitable for survival. study, we assessed suitability woodlands Lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Plain region by comparing tick egg survival four different woodlands. Woodlands where established, and sand dune do not survive, served...

Abstract How plants use the carbon they gain from photosynthesis remains a key area of study among plant ecologists. Although numerous theories have been presented throughout years, field lacks clear null model. To fill this gap, I developed first model, or neutral theory, allocation using probability biochemistry and graph theory at level leaf. Neutral used to establish hypothesis in molecular evolution community assembly describe how much an ecological phenomenon can be described by chance...

The spatial extent of semi-arid hot regions is forecasted to grow through the twenty-first century, complicating restoration and reforestation plans. In arid climates, seedlings are more susceptible transplant shock due lower soil moisture throughout year. Determining strategies reduce seedling stress improve survival post-planting will be paramount continued efforts in a changing climate. We quantified physiological, morphological, field performance (mortality growth) response for five...