A5065231873- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Iron oxide chemistry and applications
- Advancements in Battery Materials
- Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Advanced battery technologies research
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Enzyme Structure and Function
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
University of Göttingen
2000-2025
Stony Brook University
2019-2024
Brookhaven National Laboratory
2014-2024
Binghamton University
2024
National Synchrotron Light Source II
2016-2022
Cornell University
2019
University of Oregon
2019
Upton Hospital
2019
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization
2011
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
2011
Nanoenabled foliar-applied agrochemicals can potentially be safer and more efficient than conventional products. However, limited understanding about how nanoparticle properties influence their interactions with plant leaves, uptake, translocation through the mesophyll to vasculature, transport rest of prevents rational design. This study used a combination Au quantification spatial analysis investigate size (3, 10, or 50 nm) coating chemistry (PVP versus citrate) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)...
The formation of CaCO3 is usually discussed within the classical picture crystallization, i.e. assuming that crystals proceeds via nucleation and growth. This may be true for case low supersaturation. In this work it shown process far more complex at high supersaturation, during precipitation. New insight into mechanisms precipitation obtained by analyzing structure with a time resolution down to millisecond range from initiation reaction. techniques used are scanning electron microscopy,...
Metal (M) oxides are one of the most interesting and widely used solids, many their properties can be directly correlated to local structural ordering within basic building units (BBUs). One particular example is high-Ni transition metal layered oxides, potential cathode materials for Li-ion batteries whose electrochemical activity largely determined by cationic in octahedra (e.g., BBUs such systems). Yet firmly established how inherited from precursors subsequently evolve into desired...
A fundamental understanding of precipitation reactions is based on information about the structural evolution system all length scales and starting at beginning reaction. We introduce X-ray microscopy as an additional analytical tool in order to achieve this understanding. combines high resolution (down 40 nm) experiments ambient pressure. The latter point allows study colloidal systems within water phase performance time-resolved microscopy. Taking CaCO3 a model system, it shown how further...
Morphological quantification of the complex structure hierarchical geomaterials is great relevance for Earth science and environmental engineering, among others. To date, methods that quantify 3D morphology on length scales ranging from a few tens nanometers to several hundred have had limited success. We demonstrate, first time, it possible go beyond visualization extract quantitative morphological information X-ray images in aforementioned scales. As examples, two different exhibiting...
The coagulation of sodium montmorillonite by inorganic salts (NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2 and La(NO3)3) was studied combining classical turbidity measurements with wide-angle-X-ray scattering (WAXS), small-angle-X-ray (SAXS), transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). Using size-selected samples, such a combination, associated an original quantitative treatment TXM images, provides true multiscale investigation the formed structures in spatial range extending from few ångstroms to micrometers. We then show...
Lithium-metal deposition on graphite anodes limits the cycle life and negatively impacts safety of current state art Li-ion batteries. Herein, deliberate interfacial modification electrodes via direct (DC) magnetron sputtering nanoscale layers Cu Ni is employed to increase overpotential for Li suppress plating under high rate charge conditions. Due their nanoscale, deposited surface films have minimal impact (∼0.16% decrease) cell level theoretical energy density. Interfacial properties are...
Abstract Mudrocks and mud-sized sediments (i.e., silt to clay) dominate the surface of Earth Mars. These fine-grained preserve a rich history sedimentary processes from source sink shed light on ancient climates. However, both physical chemical nature these materials make them difficult fully characterize with traditional laboratory techniques. Here, we explore cross-disciplinary high-resolution approach synchrotron radiation for X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function analysis,...
Nanoporous materials, especially those fabricated by liquid metal dealloying processes, possess great potential in a wide range of applications due to their high surface area, bicontinuous structure with both open pores for transport and solid phase conductivity or support, low material cost. Here, we used X-ray nanotomography fluorescence microscopy reveal the three-dimensional (3D) morphology elemental distribution within materials. Focusing on nanoporous stainless steel, evaluated 3D...
This descriptive case series retrospectively reviewed medical records from thirty-one previously healthy, war-fighting veterans who self-reported exposure to airborne hazards while serving in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2003 the present. They all noted new-onset dyspnea, which began during deployment or as a military contractor. Twenty-one subjects underwent non-invasive pulmonary diagnostic testing, including maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) impulse oscillometry (IOS). In addition, five...
This paper deals with the pozzolanic reactivity of pyrogene oxides (represented by Aerosil) that belong to colloidal silicas. Pyrogene are highly reactive nanoscale additives. They react much faster pozzolanically than other commonly used pozzolans and in this way they consume available calcium hydroxide a shorter time. It is shown using situ X-ray transmission microscopy, pH-change measurements strength property results Aerosil begins as early first hour contact both added solution products...
Precise management of soil phosphorus (P) to meet competing demands agriculture and environmental protection can benefit from more comprehensive characterization P speciation in soils. Our objectives were provide spatial context for spectroscopic analyses relation molecular-scale species landscape-scale P, compare P-species diversity measurements at submicron millimeter scales. The range ∼26 orders magnitude between atomic field scales presents a challenge upscaling downscaling information...
Abstract The formation of Pb, Zn, and Cu carboxylates (soaps) has caused visible deterioration in hundreds oil paintings dating from the 15th century to present. Through transport phenomena not yet understood, free fatty acids binding medium migrate through paint react with pigments containing heavy metals form soaps. To investigate complex correlation among elemental segregation, types chemical compounds formed, possible mechanisms reactions, a sample cross-section painting was examined by...
Abstract Conductive metal sulfides are promising multi-functional additives for future lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. These can increase the sulfur cathode’s electrical conductivity to improve battery’s power capability, as well contribute overall cell-discharge capacity. This electrode design showed initial promise; however, complicated interactions at system level accompanied by some detrimental side effects. The sulfide with a chemical conversion reaction mechanism, e.g., CuS and FeS 2...
It was recently reported that inclusion of Cu in Bi-modified MnO2 cathodes allowed over 1000 cycles at nearly the full capacity 617 mAh/g-MnO2, a high areal 28 mAh/cm2. To better understand molecular mechanism by which Bi and impart rechargeability, prepared physical mixing Bi2O3 were studied during initial discharge an 57.4 mAh/cm2, both with (MDBC) without (MDB). These compared to base case only (MD). is demonstrated there are two distinct regimes MnII production second electron regime...
Magnetite, Fe3O4, holds significant interest as a Li-ion anode material because of its high theoretical capacity (926 mAh/g) associated with multiple electron transfers per cation center. Notably, both crystallite size and agglomeration influence ion transport. This report probes the effects (12 29 nm) on reactions involved formation surface electrolyte interphase Fe3O4. Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) was used to determine parasitic heat evolved during lithiation by considering total...
Beamline commissioning activities at the Sub-micron Resolution Spectroscopy Beamline, SRX, one of project beamlines National Synchrotron Light Source II, began in December 2014. SRX is a hard x-ray micro-probe beamline. The technical capabilities presented this paper include scanning micro-fluorescence microscopy (µ-XRF) and absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectroscopy. high flux KBs station with sub-micron resolution step-scanning mode has been commissioned results paper....
The increasing severity of pathogenic and environmental stressors that negatively affect plant health has led to interest in developing next-generation agrochemical delivery systems capable precisely transporting active agents specific sites within plants. In this work, we adapt Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP), a scalable nanocarrier (NC) formulation technology used the pharmaceutical industry, prepare organic core–shell NCs study their efficacy as foliar or root vehicles. ranging diameter...
Abstract Tungsten accumulates in bone but is neither labile nor inert once absorbed. Tungsten’s relatively high cytosolic solubility and availability are problematic given its association with childhood lymphocytic leukemia. In light of tungsten’s technological prevalence, the increased concern regulatory agencies, here we characterize chemical form localization mice exposed to tungsten through drinking water. Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, report accumulation tissue some sites...
Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 8–10 nm have been successfully functionalized various surface-treatment agents to serve as model systems for probing surface chemistry-dependent electrochemistry the resulting electrodes. The used functionalization anode materials were systematically varied include aromatic or aliphatic structures: 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, benzoic acid (BA), 3-mercaptopropionic and propionic (PA). Both structural electrochemical characterizations correlate...