Abstract Because of the major difficulties in measuring clinical end points multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment trials, there has been much enthusiasm for using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as an alternative outcome. To provide international consensus guidelines use MRI MS a task force US National Society was convened. The recommendations are presented this review. Given high sensitivity detecting pathological activity relapsing‐remitting and secondary progressive MS, monthly...

Previous studies have shown only modest correlation between multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on MRI and clinical disability.To investigate the relationship proton density/T2-weighted (T2) burden of disease (BOD) quantitatively measured scans determinants including disability.Using Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research (SLCMSR) database, authors studied baseline T2 BOD data from a pooled subsample 1,312 placebo MS patients 11 randomized controlled trials. Univariate comparisons...

The use of magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) in magnetic resonance imaging the human knee was evaluated this study. MTC is generated by irradiating macromolecular protons tissue with a low power off-resonance radio-frequency field. This results decrease water proton signal intensity where tight coupling between and macromolecules exists. With approach, authors have demonstrated that can improve standard single-section, gradient-recalled-echo images regard to fat-muscle cartilage-synovial...

To assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation adrenocorticotropic-hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenomas, and effect intravenously administered gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on lesion/pituitary contrast, was performed 13 patients with clinical chemical evidence Cushing disease. Images were obtained at 0.5 T before after injection Gd-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg). Lesions identified eight 12 precontrast ten postcontrast studies. In these adenomas found...

Inversion recovery (IR), commonly considered a pulse sequence capable of producing T1-weighted images with excellent display normal anatomy, is versatile: The null point and peak time provide useful, succinct summary the properties IR its capacity for both T1- T2-weighted images. Shortening inversion (TI) creation short-TI inversion-recovery (STIR) increases sensitivity to malignancy other abnormalities by making effects prolonged T1 T2 on signal intensity additive nulling from fat. authors...

In this prospective study, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to localize gastrinoma in 24 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The results were confirmed by means of either surgery or percutaneous liver biopsy and compared computed tomographic (CT) scanning, selective abdominal angiography, ultrasound (US). For primary extrahepatic (intra-or extrapancreatic), MR had a sensitivity 20% specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% negative 11%. metastatic the liver, 43% 81%....

Twenty patients with known liver metastases were evaluated by unenhanced computed tomography (CT), scans enhanced ethiodized oil emulsion-13 (EOE-13), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging three pulse sequences. Spin-echo (SE) 300/26 (repetition time/echo time, in msec) images prospectively demonstrated 95.4% of the detectable metastases; inversion recovery (IR) 1,500/100 time/inversion revealed 90.8%; EOE-13-enhanced CT showed 87.1%. SE 2,000/80 51.4%, 49.6%, metastases. The relationship...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder that causes sickling of red cells under deoxygenation, which stiffens and damages the cells. Individuals homozygous for mutant β-globin S allele (SS) endure complications including progressive arterial damage heightened risk stroke. The effectiveness bone marrow transplantation (BMT), now only curative treatment SCD, in halting or reversing SCD-mediated arteriopathy remains unclear. This study used two distinct conditioning regimens,...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received considerable attention in recent years over its potential for providing indices of multiple sclerosis activity and progression clinical trials new pharmaceuticals. The perceived advantages MRI-derived measurements include greater objectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility when compared with rating scales. Clinical scales are also somewhat biased toward lesions affecting locomotion. However, the myriad permutations MRI acquisition parameters,...

The purpose of this open-label, crossover study was to determine the safety and efficacy recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clinical measures disease activity in seven multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Monthly MRI examinations were performed during a 24-week baseline treatment period with rhIGF-1. primary outcome measure contrast enhancing lesion (CEL) frequency on compared baseline. Secondary included including: white matter load...

MION-46L, a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent, was investigated for its ability to increase the sensitivity of in vivo 3D MRI detection brain lesions chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (crEAE) mouse model. Lesion conspicuity on postcontrast dramatically enhanced as compared precontrast images corresponding areas inflammatory and demyelinating lesions. MION-46L could be detected Prussian blue stain vascular endothelium, perivascular space, macrophages within cuffs...

MRI is a sensitive technique for assessing disease activity in MS. Diseased white matter (WM) can be identified on T2-weighted images, and active reflected by abnormalities the blood-brain barrier (BBB) shown T1-weighted images after administration of paramagnetic contrast agents. Active may demonstrated contrast-enhanced patients with early, mild relapsing-remitting (RR) MS even during periods clinical stability, which indicates that an process early phase illness. To examine amount...

Nineteen patients with known liver metastases were examined two magnetic resonance (MR) pulse sequences at 0.5 T and three 1.5 T. In addition, the studied computed tomography (CT) enhanced ethiodized oil emulsion-13 (EOE-13). At a spin-echo (SE) 300/22 (repetition time/echo time, msec) sequence prospectively demonstrated 92.4% of detectable metastases, while an SE 2,000/80 showed 52.1% lesions. T, 300/25 depicted 68.3% 71.6%, more T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR) 2,000/600 time/inversion...

Fetal skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders, affecting approximately 2.4–4.5 10,000 births. We performed retrospective review the perinatal autopsies conducted between years 2002–2011 at our center. The study population consisted fetuses diagnosed with dysplasia subsequent termination, stillbirth and live‐born who died shortly after birth. Of 2002 performed, 112 (5.6%) were dysplasia. These cases encompassed 17 40 groups Nosology 2010. two most common...

Abstract To evaluate the sensitivity of fast, gradient‐echo MR scan techniques in their ability to detect blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal changes task activation studies, three dedicated fast techniques, each with whole‐brain coverage, were compared during a 3‐min finger tapping paradigm on nine normal volunteers clinical 1.5 T scanner. Multislice (2D) single‐shot spiral, 3D and multislice EPI done similar temporal spatial resolutions random order. After image registration...

Purpose: Typically, the final step in volume registration is reslicing of interest. The purpose this work to examine effects on functional MRI (fMRI) data using different interpolation methods. Method: Functional whole-brain echo planar imaging (EPI) volumes were resliced six methods: trilinear, tricubic splines, and a 3D sinc function rectangular Hanning window, both with half-window lengths 3 4 voxels. Results: Interpolation by spline window had comparable errors, although was...

10 patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) were studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) to assess the biochemical pathology of brain and determine whether this method can be useful clinically evaluate these patients.1H-MRSI permits simultaneous measurement N-acetyl aspartate (NA), compounds containing choline (Cho), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cre), lactate (Lac) signal intensities from four 15 mm slices divided into 0.84 ml single volume elements....

To improve reproducibility in proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging human brain, simultaneous acquisition of the internal water reference and metabolite signals was evaluated. Measurements healthy volunteers showed that increase dynamic range from signal oversampling sufficient to avoid digitization errors. In addition, use singular value decomposition techniques finite impulse response filters proved effective separating providing estimates concentrations.

Correlations between conventional MRI measures of disease activity and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been disappointing. Because ring-enhancing lesions may reflect a more destructive pathology, we tested their potential association with severity. We evaluated active regard to enhancement pattern on serial magnetic resonance images cohort 28 patients relapsing-remitting MS. The percentage correlated EDSS, T2 lesion load duration predicted the occurrence relapses during...

Canine cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, which occurs frequently in purebred beagles, was demonstrated two dogs on magnetic resonance images after cisternal introduction of gadolinium-DTPA dimeglumine.

Abstract Exposure to 1‐methy1‐4‐pheny1‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can cause an acute chemical toxicity resulting in a parkinsonian state humans and nonhuman primates. We wished assess whether the from MPTP is associated with changes on magnetic resonance images of brain structures containing dopamine neuronal processes or disrupture blood‐brain barrier. Normal rhesus monkeys at various times after being subjected unilateral intracarotid injection (0.4 mg/kg) were studied imaging using...