Previous studies so far have investigated various aspects of cyberbullying. Using meta-analytic approaches, the study was primarily to determine target factors predicting individuals' perpetration and victimization in A meta-analysis 77 containing 418 primary effect sizes conducted exam relative magnitude demographic, individual, contextual predictors. Several characteristics (i.e., sample age, gender, location, publication status, year) were further analyzed as moderators. The results...

Nickel-iron based hydr(oxy)oxides have been well recognized as one of the best oxygen-evolving catalysts in alkaline water electrolysis. A crucial problem, however, is that iron leakage during prolonged operation would lead to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) deactivation over time, especially under large current densities. Here, NiFe-based Prussian blue analogue (PBA) designed a structure-flexible precursor for navigating an electrochemical self-reconstruction (ECSR) with Fe cation...

The study examines the longitudinal relationship between religious involvement and substance use within emerging adulthood, accounting for changes in over time exploring variations across age, sex, race/ethnicity, (i.e., alcohol, marijuana, hard drugs). To this end, random effects models are used focusing on 11 waves of National Longitudinal Survey Youth, 1997. findings demonstrate that increases attendance associated with reduced odds all forms use. In addition, attendance–substance becomes...

Using Group-Based Trajectory Models and Growth Curve Models, this study aimed to identify distinctive trajectories of religious attendance, importance spirituality how these related changes in crime. The findings varied by measures religiosity types Generally, different had little do with initial offenses. A few attendance associated both violent income offenses, while only Losses may associate elevated risks recidivism. small range gains losses increase the risk recidivism, maintaining high...

Few studies have been conducted to perform an in-depth examination of cyberbullying roles and identify multifaceted factors associated with roles. Using Latent Class Analysis, the current study identified four (i.e., cyberbully, cyber victim, cyberbully noninvolved) based on data from 2009–2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children United States. Multinomial logistic regressions were constructed determine social-ecological related different Certain individual, family, peer, school found be...

Adopting the integrated model of General Strain Theory (GST), current study tested relations between cyberbullying roles (i.e., cyberbully, cybervictim, and cyberbully-victim) delinquent behaviors physical fighting substance use), as well potential mediating effects peer association perceived social attachment from parents, friends, teachers. This was conducted in a cross-sectional sample 12,642 American adolescents via use structural equation models. The results indicated that being...

Few studies have been conducted to investigate typologies of perpetration and victimization traditional cyber bullying together develop a risk profile by considering factors from different contexts. National data the 2009–2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study United States was utilized for these purposes. Four latent classes were identified: severe bully-victims, moderate bullies, victims those not involved. Various individual, family, peer school found be associated with...

The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 was originally used in primary care settings with parents to identify their children’s behavioral and emotional problems, but there has been some research supporting use of this scale school settings. This study examined: (a) the factor structure measurement invariance teacher-rated (b) complex relationships among demographic characteristics, learning outcomes using structural equation modeling elementary schools. A sample 508 children grades one two were...

Plant architecture is a main determinate of crop yield, and lateral branching significantly influences the number inflorescences seeds. The mechanism axillary bud initiation remains unclear. This work aimed to examine how miRNAs regulate initiation. By constructing small RNA library screening mutant population, we revealed buds specifically induced by miR394 repressed its target, LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS (LCR). Using promoter-driven fluorescent tags in situ hybridization, showed that...

Under the integrated model of General Strain Theory (GST), present study sought to examine whether delinquent peer association, social control, and negative emotion moderated relations distinctive cyberbullying roles with delinquency, as well moderating effects varied by gender among a nationally representative sample American adolescents. Based on data from 2009-2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children U.S., hierarchical tobit regressions were conducted test potential differences....

Created to combat the school-to-prison pipeline, Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program offers voluntary community-based services eligible youth accused of minor school-based offeses in lieu arrest. This study evaluated program effectiveness accomplishing goals related reductions arrests, serious behavioral incidents, and recidivism.We expected annual number arrests schools decrease over program's first 5 years predicted that incidents would not increase. Further, we diverted...

Objectives: Developed to keep youth in school and out of court, the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program allows avoid arrest for specified school-based summary misdemeanor offenses. This study examined whether diverted were also less likely experience exclusionary discipline, both response referring incident following calendar year. Hypotheses: We predicted that youth—compared arrested schools year before program implementation—would have been receive a suspension their incident, be...

Previous studies on exposure to violence lack a nuanced understanding of the causal effects different types offending behaviors. This study, drawing Pathways Desistance Study (PDS) data tracking 1354 adjudicated youths aged 14-18 over 7 years, explores contemporaneous (cross-sectional), acute (after 1 year), enduring 3 years), and long-term 6 years) property violent offending. The sample, predominantly male (86%), consisted White (20%), Black (42%), other (38%) individuals. generalized...

<title>Abstract</title> The plant architecture is a main determinate of crop yield, and lateral branching significantly influences the number inflorescences seeds. Axillary buds support branch growth, development axillary includes two stages, initiation outgrowth. Extensive studies on outgrowth stage have uncovered fine regulatory mechanisms while our understanding bud remains unclear. This work aims to study how miRNA regulate initiation. By constructing small RNA library screening mutant...

ABSTRACTThis study aims to assess the longitudinal patterns of multifaceted religious profiles and their relationships with illegal substance abuse among young people transitioning from late adolescence early adulthood. A novel approach integrating cutting-edge unsupervised supervised learning techniques is proposed analyze data National Longitudinal Survey Youth 1997. The results show that emerging adults who are highly in either subjective (e.g., beliefs) or objective attendance) domain...

The study aimed to identify developmental trajectories of hard drug use throughout late adolescence and into early adulthood assess the unique joint contribution bullying victimization occurred in childhood and/or development use. Using group-based trajectory modeling multinomial logistic regression, current analyzed data from National Longitudinal Survey Youth 1997 investigate these phenomena. Results indicated that a four-group model best fit Bullying was important understanding Its effect...

Although much effort has been taken to investigate probation failure and associated factors, less attention given the stability change in life events during period that could influence violations, including re-arrest. Using data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 survival analyses, current study aimed explore likelihood by re-arrest time among those with stable changing statuses various social bonds, marriage/cohabitation employment. The results suggested experiencing these...

Even though there are different types of after-school settings, numerous studies have focused on formal settings (i.e., programs or ASPs) and their association with children’s academic, physical, social-emotional behaviors. The few findings from informal also outdated. To bridge this gap, our study aimed to locate the interrelations between behavioral outcomes children a particular emphasis delinquency emotional-behavioral problems. We used U.S. national dataset, fifth wave Fragile Families...