Abstract Atmospheric vapour flux convergence is introduced for the estimation of water balance in a river basin. The global distribution convergence, ‐ Δ H · Q estimated using European Centre Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts analysis data period 1980‐1988. From atmospheric balance, annual mean can be interpreted as precipitation minus evaporation. compared with observed discharge Chao Phraya basin, Thailand. values are not identical, but their seasonal change corresponds very well. four year...

Abstract The decrease of river runoff draining into Lake Balkhash in Central Asia was investigated using hydrological and meteorological data over a long‐term period. from the difference integral curves annual 1911 to 1986 suggested that low‐flow period began 1970 River Ili, 1973 east rivers, continuing until 1986. Compared with before 1969, upper reaches Ili less than those middle lower reaches. resulted natural variability, whereas were due combination effects climate human activity. There...

Objective methods of monitoring snow‐covered areas by optical remote sensing were evaluated using synchronous observations conducted with the passage Landsat‐7 satellite over plains Niigata prefecture, one snowiest regions in Japan. The springs 2002 and 2003. Snow‐covered identified three methods: (1) visible (red) reflectance, (2) Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) which uses shortwave‐infrared reflectances, (3) a newly proposed snow index called S3 visible, near‐infrared reflectances....

Precise spatio-temporal measurements of rainfall during seasonal monsoons are critical for accurate hydrologic analyses in the tropical regions Southeast Asia. The use satellite precipitation data is technologically sound but requires downscaling to minimize inherent uncertainties. uncertainties at a local climate regime that essential be resolved rarely reported; consequently, such work needs attention. To address this problem, we validated Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) using...

Siberia, which experienced disastrous heat waves in 2010 and 2012, is one of the regions extreme climate events have occurred recently. To compare long-term trends southern part Siberia with those surrounding regions, we calculated 11 indexes from observational data for 1950–2019 analyzed other parts Russia using statistical techniques, i.e., Welch’s t-test, Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, a cluster analysis. We clarified that high-temperature March are more frequent than areas....

Abstract Purpose Removal of the current calcium alginate packing materials to middle meatus in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is usually accompanied by discomfort or pain owing hard and brittle nature these materials. Plus moist HS-W ® a new material released 2022 developed overcome this issue changing uronic acid component. We aimed compare discomfort/pain during removal with Kaltostat , as well their suitability ESS. Methods were used 22 21 patients who underwent ESS 2021 2022,...

The seasonal change of the water budget in Amazon river basin during FGGE period is investigated, using global objective analyzed data set, precipitation and discharge data. Substituting these into atmospheric balance equation that basin, evapotranspiration relative value storage are estimated relationships terms examined.The annual vapor flux convergence, calculated "main" III-b set at European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, to be smaller than runoff obtained by This due...

Two types of rainfall conditions for shallow landslide initiation are objectively identified in Japan. We examined intensity-duration 1,174 landslides that occurred during 2006-2008 using the Normalized Soil Water Index (NSWI), which represents conceptual soil water contents. classified Japan into two principal component analysis: short-duration - high-intensity (SH) type, and long-duration low-intensity (LL) type. Based on this classification, we proposed a new method herein predicting...

In September 2011, catastrophic landslide disasters triggered by record-breaking rainfall due to Typhoon 1112 (Talas) caused enormous damage in the Kii Peninsula, Japan. We analyzed cumulative event rainfall, maximum hourly intensity, Soil Water Index (SWI), and Normalized SWI (NSWI) for 30 events occurring Nara Prefecture. The first two parameters are classical variables used hazard assessment. represents theoretical soil water content calculated using a hydrological model, while NSWI is...

To quantitatively evaluate how different methods for creating 5 km mesh Radar/Raingauge-Analyzed Precipitation (R/A) affected annual precipitation, we compared three kinds of R/A during 1991–2009 by devoting attention to the modification its spatial resolution. It was, respectively, until March 2001, 2.5 from April 2001 December 2005, and 1 January 2006. For R/A, were adopted, i.e., (I) average or was calculated. (II) Maximum value selected. (III) mesh, 3 × calculated considering...

Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of a large city on heavy rainfall in Tokyo, Japan, based an ensemble simulation with number members. An (24 members) eight brief events that occurred from 1999 2007 performed. The performed using five objective analysis datasets [Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis (JRA-25), Regional Analysis (RANAL), NCEP Final Operational Global (NCEP-FNL), NCEP–Department Energy 2 (NCEP/DOE-R2), and (GANAL)]. Land-use distributions two types were...

Abstract Objective: We aimed to examine the clinical usefulness of a new World Health Organization classification scheme for salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and identify factors most strongly associated with prognosis outcome. Methods: The clinicopathological features 45 patients who received treatment carcinoma between 1986 2010 were retrospectively investigated. Results: overall disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 81.8 per cent. low-grade tumours (92.5 cent) significantly...

The seasonal cycle of water storage each the 70 major river basins world is evaluated by means basin‐atmosphere budgets. atmospheric data National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis used together with runoff data. In tropics and in temperate zone East Asia, becomes largest at end rainy season smallest beginning season. cold region North America, spring summer or autumn. global sum northern hemisphere, when contribution southern coincide.

We produced a preliminary high-resolution probable hourly precipitation (mm h−1) and Soil Water Index (SWI) for 50-yr recurrence interval over the Japanese archipelago from 5-km grid-cell Radar/Raingauge-Analyzed Precipitation (R/A) with 26-yr time series (1988-2013). To date, selection applicability of probability density function such as Gumbel distribution (GUM) or generalized extreme value (GEV) has been investigated mainly statistical perspective, whereas this study examines them...

With ozone concentrations simulated using a regional chemical transport model (ADMER-PRO) and high-spatial resolution meteorological data, we investigated the influence of concentration on deciduous forests in Kanto region Japan summer during 2003, 2004, 2009: three years for which weather characteristics differed greatly. Ozone risk plants was assessed by accumulated phytotoxic dose (POD), flux-based index. The effects were analyzed particularly addressing relation between stomatal flux...

This paper described the development of a spatial downscaling algorithm to produce finer grid resolution for satellite precipitation data (0.05°) in humid tropics. The provided by (>0.25°) was unsuitable practical hydrology and meteorology applications high hydrometeorological dynamics Southeast Asia. Many algorithms have been developed based on significant seasonal relationships, without vegetation climate conditions, which were inapplicable humid, equatorial, tropical regions....

The seasonal change of the water budget in Congo river basin is investigated by using hydrometeorological data averaged over long-term periods. Vapor flux convergence calculated global objective analysis ECMWF from 1985 to 1988. Precipitation and discharge mainly cover periods 1920-1960 1932-1959, respectively. Evapotranspiration estimated as precipitation minus vapor on monthly basis. atmospheric balance terms are related Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived NOAA/AVHRR...

Seasonal/interannual variations of soil moisture in the former USSR during period from 1972 to 1985 are investigated by using situ data. An index central Eurasia is evaluated as arithmetic mean normalized respective field capacity. This exhibits a maximum at end April when interannual variability reaches yearly minimum. It was found that snowmelt occurring around mid-April responsible for this feature, which results least persistence March April. Using index, relationships between land...

Abstract We investigated the spatial and temporal variabilities of Climate Prediction Center merged analysis precipitation (CMAP) in tropical South America from 1979 to 1998. First, we validated CMAP using other hydrometeorological data. In comparison with high‐density data Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) Ver. 2, reproduces pattern well, although it underestimates (overestimates) heavy (light) precipitation. also interannual variability compared discharge River Amazon. Next,...

Radar/Raingauge-Analyzed Precipitation (RA) represents 1 km-grid precipitation after 2006 created by combining radar and ground precipitation, i.e., Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) of Japan Agency along with data observed other organizations. Although RA is slightly greater than no earlier studies investigated the spatial distribution this accuracy across using km grid data, as clarified in study. We selected hourly AMeDAS located closest each other, for which miss...